Chemical speciation and bioaccessibility of lead in surface soil and house dust,Lavrion urban area,Attiki, Hellas |
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Authors: | Alecos Demetriades Xiangdong Li Michael H Ramsey Iain Thornton |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration, 1 Spirou Louis Street, Entrance C, Olympic Village, Acharnae, Gr-136 77 Hellas, Greece;(2) Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong;(3) School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN7 1EL, UK;(4) Imperial College Consultants, London, SW7 2PG, UK |
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Abstract: | In the Lavrion urban area study, Hellas, a five-step sequential extraction method was applied on samples of ‘soil’ (n = 224), affected by long-term mining and metallurgical activities, and house dust (n = 127), for the purpose of studying the potential bioaccessibility of lead and other metals to humans. In this paper, the
Pb concentrations in soil and house dust samples are discussed, together with those in rocks and children’s blood. Lead is
mainly associated with the carbonate, Fe–Mn oxides and residual fractions in soil and house dust. Considering the very low
pH of gastric fluids (1–3), a high amount of metals, present in soil (810–152,000 mg/kg Pb) and house dust (418–18,600 mg/kg Pb),
could be potentially bioaccessible. Consequently, children in the neighbourhoods with a large amount of metallurgical processing
wastes have high blood-Pb concentrations (5.98–60.49 μg/100 ml; median 17.83 μg/100 ml; n = 235). It is concluded that the Lavrion urban and sub-urban environment is extremely hazardous to human health, and the
Hellenic State authorities should urgently tackle this health-related hazard in order to improve the living conditions of
local residents. |
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