碳中和愿景的实现路径与政策体系

习近平主席在第七十五届联合国大会上郑重承诺中国将努力争取2060年实现碳中和目标,为中国未来低碳转型促进经济高质量发展、生态文明建设指明了方向、明确了目标,也提振了全球应对气候变化的信心。作为排放量全球最大的发展中国家,在2030年前达峰后用三十年左右的时间很快地实现碳中和愿景,任务异常艰巨,但总体上排放路径必然呈现尽早达峰、稳中有降、快速降低、趋稳中和的过程。支撑碳中和的技术几乎涉及所有的产业和经济活动,从控制碳排放途径的角度可以分为高能效循环利用技术、零碳能源技术、负排放技术。政府、企业、个人在迈向碳中和愿景进程中具有至关重要而又各有侧重的作用,需要科学的政策体系以形成系统有效的激励机制,促进资本和人才朝着碳中和技术创新和市场化推广应用方向快速汇集。

Implementation Pathway and Policy System of Carbon Neutrality Vision

At the 75th United Nations General Assembly, President Xi Jinping solemnly pledged that China will strive to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality by 2060. This has indicated the direction and goal of China''s future low-carbon transformation to promote the high quality economic development and ecological civilization construction, and boosted global confidence in tackling climate change.As the largest emission developing country in the world, it is extremely difficult to realize the vision of carbon neutrality in about 30 years after emission peaking before 2030. However, the overall emission path inevitably shows the process of "peaking as soon as possible", "achieving steady and moderate reduction", "rapid reduction" and "stabilizing and neutralizing".The technologies supporting carbon neutrality involve almost all industries and economic activities. From the perspective of carbon emission control, they can be divided into efficient recycling technologies, zero-carbon energy technologies and negative emission technologies.The government, enterprises and individuals play vital and different roles in the process of moving towards carbon neutrality vision. Scientific policy system is needed to form a systematic and effective incentive mechanism and promotes the rapid accumulation of capital and talents towards carbon neutrality technology innovation and market promotion and application.