深圳蛇口港及其临近海域海水有机锡污染

以正己烷为萃取剂、四乙基硼化钠为衍生剂对海水样品进行同步化液-液萃取衍生反应,采用气象色谱-火焰光度检测法进行有机锡定性及定量分析,研究了深圳市蛇口港及其临近海域受有机锡污染的状况.结果显示,在所测定的海水中均检测出了三丁基锡、二丁基锡和一丁基锡化合物,三者的平均浓度分别为80、62和49 ng·L-1但本方法可能不适合三苯基锡的定性定量分析.港区个别站位海水三丁基锡浓度高达152 ng·L-1在深圳湾海水样品中还检测出了信号极强的多个未知峰,表明深圳蛇口港及临近海域海水有机锡的污染程度已经较为严重.蛇口港区有机锡污染可能与繁忙的航运以及珠江口水域存在的普遍性有机锡污染有关,而深圳湾有机锡污染一方面可能是来自蛇口港区有机锡污染的扩散,另一方面可能来自深圳河的排污.位于深圳湾的国家级红树林及鸟类自然保护区是一个对生物多样性的维持及侯鸟的保护都极为 重要的湿地生态系统,该海区受有机锡污染问题需要引起高度重视,长期的有机锡污染必将对该湿地生态系统造成严重危害.

Organotin compound contamination in Shekou harbor and its adjacent waters along the city of Shenzhen

Contamination by organotin compounds was studied in Shekou harbor off of Shenzhen and its adjacent waters. The organotin compounds were determined by gas chromatography with a flame photometric detector (GC-FPD), after sample pretreatment by simultaneous liquid liquid extraction with hexane and derivatization with tetraethyl borate. As a result, tributyltin, dibutyltin and monobutyltin were quantitatively detected, but triphenyltin could not be analyzed quantitatively with this method. The average concentrations of tributyltin, dibutyltin and monobutyltin in the investigated water areas are 80, 62 and 49 ng·L-1, respectively. The tributyltin concentration in one of samples from harbor waters reached the relatively high level of 152 ng·L-1. Some other strong but unknown GC-FPD signal peaks were detected in the seawater samples from Shenzhen Bay. Shekou harbor and Shenzhen Bay waters are severely contaminated by organotin compounds. The organotin contamination in Shekou harbor waters may be due to both the intensive shipping activities in the area and the contamination of waters in the Zhujiang River estuary. And the organotin contamination in Shenzhen Bay may come partially from the diffusion of organotin compounds from the Shekou harbor area, and partially from contaminated freshwater flowing in from the Shenzhen River. The organotin contamination in the waters of Shenzhen Bay may badly endanger the mangrove wetlands ecosystem, a national mangrove and bird nature reserve which is very important for maintaining biodiversity and protecting migrating birds. Therefore more attention should be paid to the problem of organotin contamination in Shenzhen Bay.