陆海统筹视域下海洋与陆地环境民事公益诉讼协同研究

海洋环境民事公益诉讼与环境民事公益诉讼系特殊与一般的关系,海洋环境问题较强的涉外属性决定了海洋环境民事公益诉讼在适格主体、管辖法院等方面存在特殊的规定,此种特殊规定不宜废除。但海洋环境民事公益诉讼与环境民事公益诉讼双轨并行的关系造成了海陆交叉污染案件存在适格主体、管辖等争议,且存在两诉协同上的挑战。导致这一问题的根本原因在于,海洋环境民事公益诉讼的受案范围限制在地理概念上的海域,这割裂了同一污染行为下陆地与海洋的联系。陆海统筹理念要求打通陆地与海洋之间的联系,以陆海一体化保护海洋生态环境。在这一理念的指导下,可对海洋环境民事公益诉讼受案范围进行陆海一体化调整,以克服陆地与海洋环境民事公益诉讼双轨并行造成的协同问题。具体而言,在海陆交叉污染案件中可以损害发生地为判断标准,当损害发生地在海洋时,则以海统陆,属海洋环境民事公益诉讼受案范围;当损害发生地在陆地时,则以陆统海,属环境民事公益诉讼受案范围。

Research on the Synergy of Marine and Land Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation from the Perspective of Land and Sea Cordination

Marine environmental civil public interest litigation and environmental civil public interest litigation is a special and general relationship. The strong foreign-related nature of marine environmental issues determines that marine environmental civil public interest litigation has special provisions in the proper subject, jurisdiction court and so on. Such special provisions should not be repealed. However, the parallel relationship between marine environmental civil public interest litigation and environmental civil public interest litigation has resulted in disputes over the appropriate subject and jurisdiction of sea and land cross-pollution, and there are challenges in the coordination of the two litigation. This problem arises from the fact that civil public interest litigation for the marine environment is limited to the geographical concept of the sea, which severs the connection between land and sea under the same polluting act. The concept of land and sea coordination requires the connection between land and sea to be opened, and the integration of land and sea to protect the marine ecological environment. Under the guidance of this concept, the scope of civil public interest litigation for marine environment can be adjusted in an integrated way, so as to avoid the situation of dual-track civil public interest litigation for land and marine environment. Specifically, in the case of cross-pollution by sea and land, the place where the damage occurred can be used as the judgment standard. If the damage occurred in the sea, it belongs to the scope of accepting civil public interest litigation of marine environment, while if the damage occurred in the land, it belongs to the scope of accepting civil public interest litigation of environment.