核电厂人因及组织行政管理安全审查体系

定期安全审查 (PSR)是国际原子能机构 (IAEA)近年推广的一种新的核电厂安全审查方式 ,它强调系统性、全面性和关键性。人因安全因素 (HF)、组织机构和行政管理安全因素 (OA)是PSR的重要组成部分 ,也是PSR中审查难度较大的部分之一。其难点主要在于如何用有限的评审指标去刻画出最能表征人因、OA对核电厂安全运行最具影响的特征因子 ,建立起科学的、系统化的审查体系 ,且该体系还需具有较强的可操作性。基于上述认识 ,笔者建立了核电厂人因及组织行政管理安全审查体系 ,它包含安全目标与方针、人员配备与资格、组织机构与管理、配置控制、培训、职业健康、运行经验反馈、质量保证、人 -机接口、遵章守法等 10类 19个要素。同时介绍了其评审指标、审查内容、审查方法和程序等。该体系已应用于秦山核电厂。

Periodic Safety Review of Human Factor and Organizational Administration in the Nuclear Power Plant

Periodic Safety Review (PSR), which is developed and recommended by IAEA, is a new kind of safety review methodology to operational safety of nuclear power plants. It focuses on the comprehensiveness, systematic nature and criticality of a safety review. Both safety factors of human factors and organizational administration are most important parts in the PSR and also one of the most difficult parts in reviewing. In order to review these two safety factors, a set of reviewing indicators and their criteria have been developed to find out the strengths and deficiencies in these two safety factors according to current standards and good practices. This approach includes 19 elements classified into 10 categories, such as safety goal and principle, staff arrangement and qualification, organizational structure and management, collocation control, training, occupational health, feedback of operation experience, qualification assurance, man-machine interface and the observance of regulations and laws. It is scientific, systematic and operational. Authors introduce all these indicators, criteria, contents, reviewing method and procedure. This approach has been applied in the first PSR in Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant.