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Lead Content of Petrol and Diesel and its Assessment in an Urban Environment
Authors:Pravin P. Parekh  Haider A. Khwaja  Adil R. Khan  Ronaq R. Naqvi  Abdul Malik  Khalid Khan  Ghazanfar Hussain
Affiliation:(1) Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, University at Albany, Albany, New York, U.S.A. and;(2) New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York, U.S.A.;(3) Chemistry Department, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan;(4) H.E.J Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
Abstract:Pakistan is one of the few countries in Asia thatcontinues to use only leaded-petrol as vehicular fuel. Theconcentration of Pb in its petrol reported in 1991 was thehighest (1.5 – 2.0 g Pb L-1) of all produced by the various Asiancountries and far exceeded the WHOrsquos guideline of 0.15 g Pb L-1. We have undertaken a study to trace and quantify this toxicelement in the environs of Karachi, Pakistanrsquos major metropolis,having more than 30% of the nationrsquos total number of vehicles.In this article we report the Pb contents of petrol and dieselcurrently manufactured and marketed in the city. Samples of`Regularrsquo petrol collected in 1999 was found to contain 0.363 gPb L-1 (range: 0.335 – 0.390 g Pb L-1), a factor of 5 lower than thatmarketed prior to 1991. Its concentration in diesel fuel was muchlower (0.017 g Pb L-1). Based on the available statistical data onthe type and volume of vehicular traffic, we assessed that thecurrent lead emission from vehicular traffic into the atmosphereis 391 metric tons a year, which is a factor of 2.7 lower thanthat estimated for 1989.
Keywords:diesel  emission inventory  lead  Pakistan  petrol
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