自然资源与环境安全研究进展

跟踪研究自然资源的演化、开发利用过程调控机理一直是中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所(以下简称我所)资源环境研究领域的重要研究任务和研究方向。论文总结了1950年以来我所自然资源与环境安全研究领域取得的成果与进展,在1950—1978年期间,我所自然资源与环境安全研究以大规模的自然资源调查与综合科学考察为主,丰硕的考察成果对中国的资源开发和区域发展提供了重要科学支持,做出了不可磨灭的贡献,而且在系统地积累科学资料和开拓资源科学方面也发挥了积极作用,它为了解我国资源环境、建立资源科学体系奠定了坚实的基础;1978—2000年期间,我所自然资源与环境安全研究转向了区域资源综合科学考察与资源科学研究并重的格局,完成的一系列考察报告为区域发展指明了路径,为全面认识中国自然资源和开展自然资源综合研究奠定了数据基础。2000年以来,我所自然资源与环境安全研究更加注重学科体系建设,促进了资源科学的学科体系建立;更加注重世界资源研究,将自然资源考察地域拓展到全球范围;更加注重机理过程研究,在资源环境承载力、资源流动、资源安全、生态服务功能等领域进行了理论开拓;更加注重资源开发利用技术研究,在环境修复的理论和技术方面取得了一系列成果。展望未来,我所资源与环境领域研究将会继续以国家重大战略需求为导向,以水资源、土地资源、生物资源、能源及矿产资源等关键资源为主要对象,在以下5个方面开展系统深入的研究,推动资源学科的建设与发展:①区域综合科学考察与资源科学综合研究;②水土资源可持续利用及其复杂性;③自然资源流动过程及其生态环境效应;④世界自然资源态势与国家战略性资源安全;⑤环境修复机理与废弃物资源化利用。

Research Progress in Natural Resources and Environmental Security

The tracing and research on the evolution, the exploitation and utilization, and the regulatory mechanism of natural resources has always been an important study task and research orientation in the resources and environment study area of our institute (Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS). This paper summarized the achievements and progress in the study area of natural resources and environmental security of our institute since 1950.From 1950 to 1978, the prime work of the natural resources and environmental security study area of our institute was the large-scale natural resources investigation and integrated scientific research which has gained achievements. These achievements have provided substantial scientific support for the resources exploitation and regional development in China, and made an indelible contribution in the natural resources research area. Furthermore, they also have played a positive role in the systematic accumulation of scientific material and the emergence of the study in resources sciences. In addition, they have laid the foundation for the understanding of the resources and environment and the establishment of natural resources sciences system. From 1978 to 2000, the study orientation of the resource and environment of our institute has made an important conversion. And during the period, integrated regional resources survey and the studies of resources were simultaneously the two key research areas of our institute. And a series of survey reports that have done during this period of time have defined the direction of regional development and have laid the foundation in data for the fully understanding of the natural resources and the integrated research of natural resources in China. After 2000, firstly, our institute has paid more attention to subject system establishment, which promoted the establishment of the system of resources sciences. Secondly, we have laid more stress on the world resources research, therefore, our natural resources survey fields have extended to the global scale. Thirdly, we paid more attention to the mechanism process research, and provided a new space in the theory of some resource and environment fields, such as the capability of resources and environment, the resources flow, the resources security, and the ecosystem service. Fourthly, we paid more emphasis on the technology of resources exploitation and utilization, and we have made substantial achievement both in theory and technology of environment restoration.As we look to the future, the resources and environment study field in our institute will continue to make the national significant strategic demand as our orientation, and we will make the water resources, land resources, biological resources, energy and mine resources and so on as our main study subjects. In a conclusion, we will conduct systematic research work in the following five aspects in order to push forward the establishment and development of the subject of resources: 1) integrated regional scientific investigation and integrated study of resources sciences; 2) the sustainable utilization of land and water resources and its complexity; 3) the flow process of natural resources and its eco-environmental effects; 4) the status of world-wide resources and the national strategic resources security; and 5) the environment restoration mechanism and the renewal and utilization of wastes.