生态环境风险管理与损害赔偿制度现状与展望

我国目前面临的生态环境风险形势复杂严峻,严密防控生态环境风险已成为“十四五”和中长期生态环境保护、美丽中国建设的重要任务之一。本文探讨了生态环境风险的概念、分类,系统梳理了生态环境风险评估与管理、生态环境损害评估与损害赔偿等领域的国内外管理经验与研究进展。在此基础上,重点剖析了我国生态环境风险管理面临的痛点与难点问题,从树立生态环境风险法治管理理念、构建生态环境风险管理战略布局、建立生态环境风险常态化管控体系、加强生态环境风险防控技术支撑、强化经济和社会治理手段助力风险管控、建设生态环境损害赔偿业务化工作体系等六个方面,系统提出了加强我国生态环境风险管理的对策建议,以期为更有效地防范化解重大生态环境风险提供决策参考。

Status Quo and Prospect of Ecological Environment Risk Management and Damage Compensation in China

China is facing the complex and severe risk of ecological and environmental sources. Strict prevention and control of ecological and environmental risks has become one of the important tasks of the "14th Five-Year Plan" and mid- to long-term ecological environment protection and the construction of a Beautiful China. This paper clarified the definition and classification of environmental risk and summarized the national and international experiences and progress of legal systems and technical management on both environmental risk assessment & management and environmental damage assessment & compensation. Based on the summary, the paper analyzed the major difficulties and obstacles faced by China''s environmental risk management. In conclusion, six recommendations have been proposed in order to formalize environmental risk management system and mitigate the high-frequent disastrous and hazardous environmental risks:establishing the concept of risk management in legal basis, developing the governance strategy, building up the normalized risk management and control system, strengthening technical support for environmental risk prevention and control, enhancing the socio-economic instruments for risk management, formalizing the operational system for environmental damage compensation.