基于异质人群响应特征的交通噪声暴露评估研究

考虑异质人群不同声功能需求和时空分布,对异质人群交通噪声暴露特征进行评估。通过集记人口高斯分解和噪声预测,获取特征人群分布数据和交通噪声数据;基于特征人群年龄和声功能需求,标定各年龄段人群噪声响应函数并进行归一化处理,构建异质人群噪声响应曲线;构建交通噪声暴露评估模型,结合获取数据及噪声响应曲线进行噪声暴露评估。结果表明,3类声功能区中人群噪声暴露与年龄变量均呈现类抛物线趋势,40岁左右人群暴露影响较儿童和老人低59.9%左右。人均噪声暴露在夜间明显偏高,尤其在声功能需求较高的第1类声功能区,其人均噪声超标值比昼间高7 d B。特征人群的空间分布对噪声暴露影响显著,工作时段学校区域适学人群集中,其总噪声暴露风险为同等状况住宅区的1.2倍。综合考虑人群特征和时空分布等因素,可更科学地进行区域交通噪声污染评估。

Study on the Traffic Noise Exposure Assessment Based on Heterogeneous Population Response Characteristics

The characteristics of traffic noise exposure in heterogeneous population are evaluated considering the different acoustic functional needs and temporal and spatial distribution of heterogeneous population.The distribution data of characteristic population and traffic noise data are obtained by population Gaussian decomposition and noise prediction.Based on the age and acoustic functional requirements of the characteristic population, noise response functions of different age groups were calibrated and normalized, and noise response curves of heterogeneous population were constructed.The traffic noise exposure assessment model was built, and the noise exposure assessment was carried out by combining the acquired data and the noise response curves.The application results showed that the noise exposure and age of people in the three types of acoustic functional areas showed a parabolic trend, and the exposure effects of people aged around 40 were about 59.9% lower than those of children and the elderly.The per capita noise exposure value was significantly higher at night, especially in the acoustic functional area of the high demand for acoustic function, and the per capita noise exceedance value was 7 dB higher than during the day.The spatial distribution of the characteristic population had a significant impact on noise exposure.The total noise exposure risk in school area was 1.2 times of that in residential area with the same status.Taking into account the characteristics of the population, spatial and temporal distribution and other factors, a more scientific assessment of regional traffic noise pollution can be conducted.