中草药砷含量特征及其健康风险初步评价

通过野外采样和室内分析相结合的方法,对13种河北省主要地产中草药中砷的含量特征及其分布规律进行了研究,并对中草药中砷的人体健康风险进行了初步评价.13种地产草药分三类采集:中草药种植区的药材、以及相应市场销售的半成品和饮片.结果表明,以地下部入药的各种类中草药砷含量平均值在0.14～0.54 mg/kg之间,以地上部入药的中草药,祁菊花砷含量平均值为1.42 mg/kg,其它种类在0.09～0.27 mg/kg之间.根据《药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准》对总砷的限量(2.0 mg/kg),以地下部和地上部入药草药的超标率分别为3.27%(n=153)和9.09%(n=44),全部样品的总超标率为4.57%(n=197);直接采集的所有中草药样品砷含量范围在0.03～0.73 mg/kg,全部符合限量标准,而市场购买的半成品及饮片砷含量范围在0.05～7.05 mg/kg,其超标率为6.36%,来源于市场的草药砷含量显著高于种植区直接采集的中草药(p0.05);从13种草药隶属的科属分析,菊科草药砷含量范围较宽,在0.08～7.05 mg/kg,平均值为0.87 mg/kg,而其它6种科属砷含量的平均值范围在0.21～0.41 mg/kg,且各科75%的样品砷含量0.5 mg/kg,相比菊科样品,其药用安全性较高;通过服用半成品及饮片得到砷的日摄入量为0.90～19.7μg/d,其占每日允许摄入量ADI(allowable daily intake)的比值范围在0.70%～15.4%之间,其砷的健康风险显著大于服用采自种植区的原药(p0.05),说明草药饮片中砷对人体的健康风险不容忽视.

Survey of Arsenic Concentrations in Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHMs) and Preliminary Risk Assessment of As in CHMs on Human Health

Characteristics and concentrations of As in Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHMs) from Hebei province (including samples collected from fields and from medicine markets) were investigated, and the ADI (allowable daily intake) standard value from FAO/WHO was used for preliminary assessment of As risk on human health. The results showed that the average of As concentrations in different roots which were used as medicines, ranged from 0.14 mg/kg to 0.54 mg/kg,while for shoots which were used as medicines, average value of As concentrations in Dendranthema morifolium was 1.42 mg/kg, and the range in other species was from 0.09 mg/kg to 0.27 mg/kg. Based on Green Standards of Medicinal Plants and Preparations for Foreign Trade and Economy (2.0 mg/kg), the percentage of samples with As concentrations exceeding standard was 3.27% (n = 153) in roots and 9.09% (n = 44) in shoots,and 4.57% (n = 197) in total CHMs samples. As concentrations in CHMs from fields ranged from 0.03 mg/kg to 0.73 mg/kg,which were all lower than 2.0 mg/kg. However, As concentrations in CHMs from markets ranged from 0.05 mg/kg to 7.05 mg/kg, and the concentrations of As in 6.36% of samples exceeded the limited standard. Arsenic concentrations in samples from markets were significantly higher than those from fields (p < 0.05). As concentrations in Compositae were distributed widely from 0.08 mg/kg to 7.05 mg/kg,and the average at 0.87 mg/kg,while the average of As concentrations in other six families were between 0.21 mg/kg and 0.41 mg/kg, and As levels in 75% of samples for each family were below 0.5 mg/kg. Compared to Compositae samples, the CHMs from other families have higher security. ADI regulated by FAO/WHO was used to assess As risk in CHMs on human health in this study as well. As daily intake through CHMs from markets varied from 0.90 microg/d to 19.7 microg/d, and percentages of the daily intake of As in CHMs to ADI were in the range of 0.70% to 15.4%, which indicated that As in CHMs from markets had a potential risk on human health after intake.