The urban climate of Shanghai |
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| Institution: | 1. PPGeo, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil;2. Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil;1. Centre International de Recherche-développement sur l''Elevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), 01 BP 454 Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso;2. Centre International de Recherche Agronomique pour le Dévelomment (CIRAD), UMR Innovation, F-34398 Montpellier, France;3. Institut du Développement Rural (IDR), Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso (UPB), 01 BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso;4. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) – Cali, Apartado Aéreo 6713, Colombia;5. Institut de l''Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Kamboinsin, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;1. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;2. SinBerBEST Program, Berkeley Education Alliance for Research in Singapore (BEARS), 1 CREATE Way, University Town 138602, Singapore;3. Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710, USA;1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 7, 27100, Pavia, Italy;2. Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy;3. Centre for Health Technologies (C.H.T.), University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy;4. Fundacion Universitaria Juan de Castellanos, Carrera 11 No.11-40, Tunja, Boyaca, Colombia;1. Department of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy;2. Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Piazza Roma 21, 82100 Benevento, Italy;1. Department of Physics, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, Guntur District, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India;2. Research Centre for Solar Energy, Department of Physics, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, Guntur District, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India;3. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, Guntur District, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India;4. Department of Design, Manufacturing & Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK;5. Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University Egypt, 31527, Egypt;6. Department of Physics, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 119, India;7. Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;8. Department of Applied Science, Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Near Lupin Research Park, Gram: Lavale, Tal: Mulshi, Pune, Maharashtra 412115, India;9. Muthayammal College of Arts & Science (Affiliated to Periyar University - A Unit of VANETRA Group), Vengayapalayam, Kakkaveri, Rasipuram, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu 637408, India;10. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd., London SW7 2AZ, UK;11. Faculty of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt |
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| Abstract: | Shanghai is the most important industrial and commercial city in China in terms of population and building density, consumption of energy and development rate. Meteorological data from the urban Shanghai Central Observatory over the last 100 years are combined with similar 20-year data sets from 10 nearby suburban and rural stations to analyse climatic impacts from Shanghai's urbanization.Results show its urban heat island effect is large and has enhanced with time. The effect is more obvious in urban-rural differences of annual mean minimum temperatures than in annual mean temperatures. During recent decades, the urban centre of Shanghai has experienced lower wind speeds, lower humidity, fewer fog days, fewer sunny days, increased low cloudiness and increased overcast days. Concurrent variations at nearby rural stations were dissimilar. Solar radiation in urban Shanghai shows accelerating decreases of both direct solar radiation (S) and global radiation, but increase of both diffuse radiation (D) and average turbidity (D/S). |
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