Urban bias influences on long-term California air temperature trends |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory for Aerosol–Cloud–Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China;2. Weather Modification Office of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, China;3. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China;4. College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;5. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC) University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA;6. Meteorological Institute of Shaanxi Province, Xi''an, Shaanxi 710017, China;7. Meteorological Station in Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China;1. Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;2. Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China;3. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of information Science & Technology, Nanjing 21004, China;4. College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;5. Wuhan NARI Limited Company, State Grid Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan, China;1. Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;2. Meteorological Observation Centre, Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing, 100081, China;3. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | An analysis of 80-year shelter level temperature records at 112 California sites has been carried out. Results show that sea surface temperature (SST) and urban heat island effects influence the magnitude of the observed warming trend in the overall data set. These effects, however, are masked by averaging all temperature records together.While a warming trend existed in the overall data set, areas with such trends generally corresponded to areas containing the state's major population centers. Warming trend magnitude also increased with county population size, and 20 small inland towns and rural areas actually showed cooling trends.SST trends over the last 40 years showed cooling in mid-ocean areas and an anomalous warming at coastal sites. The warming was associated with a decline in the normal frequency of cold water upwelling in the coastal area. SST warming was found to be highly correlated with the warming of shelter level temperatures at coastal land observation sites. |
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