The oceanic source of carbonyl sulfide (COS) |
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| Institution: | 1. Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, 2007, NSW, Australia;2. CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;3. Chelsea Technologies Group Ltd, 55 Central Avenue, West Molesey KT8 2QZ, UK;4. Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia;1. State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;2. Zhejiang Electric Power Design Institute, Hangzhou 310012, China |
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| Abstract: | Carbonyl sulfide (COS) concentrations both in sea water and in the marine atmospheric boundary layer have been measured for 2 years at Amsterdam Island, as well as during oceanographic cruises in regions of different productivity (coastal areas, upwelling areas and open ocean) in the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Surface waters of the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea were found to be supersaturated with respect to the atmosphere. The supersaturation of surface coastal sea water in COS displays a diurnal cycle with a midday/midnight ratio of approximately 4, and in addition a seasonal cycle with maximum values during summer and a summer/winter ratio of 2. The supersaturation of open ocean surface sea water is 3 times lower than that of the coastal areas. Taking into account the diurnal, seasonal and geographical variations of the sea water supersaturation in COS, along with the seasonal variation of the sea-air exchange coefficient and the Henry's law coefficient, a global oceanic flux of COS of 0.43 (0.30 to 0.60)Tg COS per year is estimated. |
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