The thermodynamics of pollutant removal as an indicator of possible source areas for arctic haze |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran;1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China;2. CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China;1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361002, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China;3. College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China;4. College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;5. Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China;6. College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;7. Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China |
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| Abstract: | The majority of papers on arctic haze have concentrated on chemistry, with some consideration of source areas, synoptic structures associated with transport, trajectory analysis and transport modeling. Very little has appeared on the basic thermodynamics of air with normal humidity, with or without pollutants, traveling into and through the Arctic. When physically reasonable constraints are placed on sources and sinks of heat and water mass and on the relative humidity of near-surface air, it becomes apparent that the assumption of isentropic (adiabatic) flow without precipitation is incompatible with observed water mixing ratios in arctic haze layers. Arctic haze at elevations below 3 km can be explained if precipitation has occurred during transport from the pollution source or if the pollutants were injected from tall stacks into a layer of dry, subsiding air. Haze layers at higher elevations require extreme dryness and relatively high temperatures at their sources, and may be suspected of being of desert origin. |
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