Sheltering effectiveness against plutonium provided by buildings |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;2. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany;3. Seibersdorf Labor GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria;4. Helmholtz Zentrum München, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 Munich, Germany;5. Ruder Boškovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;6. CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain;1. Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 115 19 Praha 1, Czech Republic;2. National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoškova 28, 140 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic;1. National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, UK;2. Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK;3. University of Surrey, Guildford, UK;4. Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK;5. The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK;6. The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK |
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| Abstract: | Air exchange rates for residences and office buildings under sheltering conditions only, that is, with doors and windows closed and fans off, are selected from the literature and correlated with wind speed and indoor-outdoor temperature difference. These exchange rates are found to be substantially less than those used previously in calculating the protection offered by sheltering.Graphed values of the ratio of interior:outside, time-integrated concentrations (the Dose Reduction Factor, DRF) are presented as a function of time. These apply to both gases and particulates. Especially for plumes of short duration, the resultant DRFs make sheltering a highly competitive protective action against the inhalation pathway. The inhalation DRFs are the most favorable for depositing materials. Example DRFs are calculated and graphed for 2 μm aerodynamic diameter particles, as representing respirable plutonium (Pu). |
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