Exhaust emissions from gasoline-fuelled light duty vehicles operated in different driving conditions: A chemical and biological characterization |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA;2. Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark;3. Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA;4. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Olof Palmes Alle 43-45, 8200 Aarhus N, Aarhus, Denmark;1. Anhui No. 2 Province People''s Hospital, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China;2. Anhui Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China;3. School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China;1. INSERM, Université Paris-Descartes, Université Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, CRESS U1153, EPICEA-Epidémiologie des cancers de l’enfant et de l’adolescent, Villejuif, France;2. INSERM, RNCE-National Registry of Childhood Cancers, Villejuif, France;3. Cancer Survival Group, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;4. AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Université Paris 6 Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France;5. AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France;6. Institut d’Hémato-Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France;7. CHU de Lille, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France;8. Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France;9. AP-HM, Hôpital la Timone, Marseille, France;10. Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU, Montpellier, France;11. CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre, France;12. Haematology and Oncology, Childrens’ Hospital, Pellegrin, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France;13. Service d''onco-hématologie pédiatrique, CHU de Nantes, France;14. Commissariat à l''Energie Atomique (CEA) Genomics Institute-Centre National de Génotypage, Evry Cedex, France;1. College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331;2. Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, TX 78714 |
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| Abstract: | Chemical analysis and mutagenicity tests on Salmonella typtimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100 (Ames test) of exhaust emissions from five passengers vehicles, with or without a three-way catalyst, have been carried out to obtain emission factors and to characterize exhaust emissions. Both constant cruising speeds and transient driving conditions were investigated, regulated CO, HC, NOx and particulates, as well as unregulated pollutants, were analysed. The following unregulated pollutants were measured: particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), 1-nitropyrene, light aromatics and light oxygenates. In total, 39 individual compounds were assayed. Emissions from catalyst-equipped vehicles showed a dramatic decrease compared with those from the vehicle without a catalyst. An emission dependency of both regulated and unregulated pollutants and biological activity on driving conditions were determined. An increased emission of PAH, 1-nitropyrene, particulates and mutagenic activity was found with a higher cruising speed. |
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