Uptake and biotransformation of arsenate in the lichen Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl |
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Authors: | Mrak Tanja Slejkovec Zdenka Jeran Zvonka Ja?imovi? Radojko Kastelec Damijana |
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Institution: | Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia. |
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Abstract: | The uptake and metabolism of arsenate, As(V), as a function of time and concentration were examined in the lichen Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. Lichen thalli were exposed to As(V) in the form of a solution. Exponential uptake of As(V) from 4 microg mL(-1) As(V) solution was accompanied by constant arsenite, As(III), excretion back into the solution. Arsenate taken up into the lichens from 0, 0.1, 1, 10 microg mL(-1) As(V) solutions was partially transformed into As(III), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and (mono)methylarsonic acid (MA). 48 h after exposure, the main arsenic compound in the lichens was DMA in 0.1, As(III) in 1 and As(V) in 10 microg mL(-1) treatment. The proportion of methylated arsenic compounds decreased with increasing arsenate concentration in the exposure solution. These results suggest that at least two types of As(V) detoxification exist in lichens; arsenite excretion and methylation. |
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Keywords: | Arsenic compounds Methylation Hypogymnia physodes Lichens |
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