沿海防潮堤坝对风暴潮危害的减灾效益研究

风暴潮是海洋灾害中对人类造成损失最为严重的类型之一,海岸带地区防潮堤坝的修建对抵御风暴潮起到重要的作用。在综述国内外风暴潮研究的基础上,提出了沿海防潮堤坝对风暴潮的减灾效益的定量研究方法。以黄河三角洲9711号特大台风风暴潮为例,利用G IS技术模拟了无防潮堤坝情况下海岸带地区的受灾面积以及经济损失,并与实际灾害损失进行对比,得出防潮堤坝减少的风暴潮灾害经济损失为25.7亿元的结果,证实了兴建防潮工程的必要性。利用费用-效益法对防潮堤坝工程进行了成本与减灾效益评估,分析了防潮堤坝修建的经济合理性。

Research on Contributions of Coastal Dykes to Reducing Losses Caused by Storm Surges

Coastal dykes play an important role in protecting lives and property in coastal areas against storm surges which are one of the most serious marine hazards. In this paper, a quantitative method is proposed to evaluate the economic losses reduced by the coastal dykes in a storm surge. Tide information from 16 observation stations along the coastline in the Yellow River Delta is gathered as basic data to be inserted into relief and land-cover maps. Using GIS and RS as analytical tools, it is found that there would be 257 million RMB lost during No. 9711 typhoon storm surge in the Yellow River Delta, had the coastal dykes not been built. It is estimated that the coastal dykes have saved 78.59 percent of the total potential economic losses. In the end, the cost-benefit method is employed to compare the investment of coastal dykes and the effect of hazard mitigation. It is concluded that reinforcing coastal dyke is a necessary and cost-effective measure for reducing the economic losses caused by storm surges.