基于资源场势的我国煤炭空间配置特征研究

论文将资源场势的理论运用到煤炭资源领域,利用相关公式计算全国可获得数据的30个省(区、市)的煤炭资源势、煤炭作业势和煤炭资源-作业势,分析了1986年以来我国煤炭资源空间配置的基本特征,并采用煤炭配置质量指数评价我国区域煤炭资源空间配置的合理性。研究表明:①随着时间的变化,我国煤炭资源场趋于集中,空间上呈现出以晋豫地区为中心,从东北向西北偏移的趋势;②各地区煤炭作业势在时间上变化幅度较小,空间上与煤炭资源势呈现总体相近的格局;③我国煤炭资源-作业场有向东部南部沿海地区和晋陕蒙地区集聚的趋势,目前基本形成了以东部南部沿海地区、环渤海地区为主的"S"形输入区和以晋陕蒙为主的"V"形输出区的空间格局;④可以将我国划分为三种煤炭空间配置类型区,即场源区(6个)、场汇区(19个)和基本平衡区(5个),煤炭资源空间配置具有显著的区域差异,空间极化现象突出;⑤我国煤炭资源空间配置总体是合理的,但是个别地区的配置方向或配置力度不尽合理,存在输出区过度输出和输入区过量输入等情况。

Characteristics of Coal Resources Spatial Allocation in China: Based on Resource Field and Potency

Based on the theory of resources field and potency, the obtainable data on coal resources potency, coal task potency and coal resources-task potency of China’s 30 provinces (autonomous regions or municipalities) from 1986 to 2010 are calculated, and the characteristics of their temporal and spatial changes are analyzed in this paper. The result demonstrates that 30 provinces in China can be classified into three types: coal field source zone, coal field collection zone and basic equilibrium zone. And then the basic characteristics of coal resources spatial allocation are concluded, and the rationality of coal resources spatial allocation in China in 2010 is evaluated. Several conclusions are obtained as follows:
Firstly, the coal resources potency began to change before 2000, and the coal resources has tended to centralize in Shanxi and Henan, but shifting from the northeast to the northwest with the elapse of time. Secondly, coal task potency maintains relatively stable, only accompanying with a small scale change, presenting similar spatial distribution with coal resources potency in general. Thirdly, most provinces need to transfer coal from other provinces, coal resources-task field tends to gather in the eastern and southern coastal areas and regions of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia. At present, "S-shaped" input zone mainly consists of the eastern and southern coastal areas, and the Bohai Rim and "V-shaped" output zone mainly covering Shanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia have been formed basically. Fourthly, coal spatial allocation types of China’s 30 provinces are identified as field source zone (6 provinces), field collection zone (19 provinces) and basic equilibrium zone (5 provinces). There are significant regional differences in the direction and intensity of coal spatial allocation, phenomena of spatial polarization strengthens the regional function and clarifies the regional division of labour. Fifthly, China’s coal spatial allocation is reasonable in general, but due to irrational allocation in direction and intensity in individual regions, the problems of too much output from source zone and excessive input in collection zone still exist in several regions.