中国地热资源特点与发展对策

地热能是一种绿色低碳、可循环利用的可再生能源。中国地热资源丰富,以中低温资源为主,高温地热资源主要受中国地质构造特点及其在全球构造中所处部位的控制,主要集中在藏南-川西-滇西和台湾两个地区。但是,中国地热产业处在起步阶段,资源开发利用程度低,地热资源的利用绝大部分以直接利用为主,地热发电明显落后。针对中国地热资源开发利用存在的问题,提出了5 条促进地热产业发展的对策建议:建立国家级地热产业核心技术研发平台;尽快启动干热岩勘查开发利用示范工程建设;制订优惠扶持政策,推动地热产业步入快速发展轨道;积极推广地热尾水回灌技术,切实保护环境;尽快出台全国性的地热资源管理法规,以推动中国地热资源开发利用的法制化管理。

Study on the Characteristics and Development Strategies of Geothermal Resources in China

Geothermal energy is renewable energy with the characteristics of low-carbon and recyclable. China has rich geothermal resources, mainly medium-low temperature geothermal resources. The high temperature geothermal resources, mainly constrained by the geological characteristics of China and their locations in the global geological structure, concentrate in two areas, one in southern Tibet-West Sichuan-West Yunnan, the other in Taiwan. However, the geothermal industry in China is still in the initial stage. The resource development and utilization level is quite low, mainly direct utilization, and the geothermal power generation industry is far behind. Aiming at the existing problems of development and utilization of geothermal resources in China, five suggestions are given: to establish a national platform of key technology research and development on geothermal industry; to launch the demonstration project of hot dry rock exploration and utilization as soon as possible; to formulate preferential policies to promote the rapid development of geothermal industry; to promote geothermal water recharge technology; to work out nationwide laws and regulations of geothermal resource management as soon as possible.