东江流域主要支流溶解性有机质污染特征初探

溶解性有机质（DOM）是天然水体的重要组成部分,其组分构成及含量能够反映河流污染特征。研究利用三维荧光光谱技术对2014年3—4月东江流域8条一级支流下游DOM的荧光组分进行分析。通过寻峰法和平行因子分析（PARAFAC）识别出两种类腐殖质组分（Peak A和Peak B）和两种类蛋白质组分（Peak C和Peak D）;并结合常规水质指标,探索各支流的主要污染源,为东江流域水质管理提供科学依据。结果表明：1)东江流域淡水河和石马河两种类蛋白质显著高于其他支流,两种类腐殖质出现缺失现象。2）8条支流样点的DOM中,Peak C、Peak D与各常规水质参数相关性显著,说明东江流域DOM能够较好地反映水质情况。3）东江流域中上游支流自然生境良好,受到人为活动影响强度低。中游支流受农业及工业的双重污染,类腐殖质及类蛋白质的含量较上游河流有显著增加。下游支流受人为活动影响剧烈,河岸带自然生境破坏严重,河岸固化,使得类腐殖质缺失;工业废水及生活污水大量排放,类蛋白质含量显著上升。4）与国内外其他河流相比,东江流域各支流、珠江干流广州河段及河口、辽河流域太子河均呈现以类蛋白质为主要组分,与长江流域以及国外河流存在显著差异,说明东江流域人类产生的有机污染严重,亟须治理。

Exploring the Pollution Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Primary Tributaries of the Dongjiang River

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component of natural water, and its composition and content can reflect the pollution characteristics of rivers. We assessed the components of DOM from eight primary tributaries of the Dongjing River sampled from March to April, 2014 using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence. Two humic-like DOMs (Peak A and B) and two protein-like DOMs (Peak C and D) were found by peak-picking method and PARAFAC method. We used these four components, combining with water quality parameters, to explore the pollutant sources of each tributary. The results showed that: 1) The content of two protein-like components in Danshui River and Shima River was significantly higher than in other tributaries, and two humic-like components were missing in these two rivers. 2) The protein-like components (Peak C and D) showed strong correlations with general water quality parameters (P<0.05). 3) The tributaries located in upper and middle reaches of the Dongjing River were polluted slightly, the habitat conditions being good. The contents of the humic-like and protein-like components in the tributaries located in the middle reach were significantly high due to the pollutants from industries and agriculture. There was no humic-like components in the tributaries located in lower reach, but the protein-like components increased significantly, as a result of destruction of natural habitat and industrial wastewater discharges. 4) Like the estuary of the Pearl River and the Taizi River in the Liaohe River Basin, the tributaries of Dongjing River had high concentration of protein-like components, which is quite different from the Changjiang River and foreign rivers. This indicated that the human-caused organic pollution is serious in the Dongjing River.