土地利用/覆盖变化与气候变化定量关系研究进展

当前,以全球变暖为主要特征的气候变化对人类社会的可持续发展构成了严重威胁,如何有效适应气候变化成为人类面临的共同挑战。研究表明,全球变暖的主要驱动力是人类活动造成的温室气体排放和土地利用方式改变。过去,科学界致力于削减全球温室气体排放,而土地利用与气候变化的关系,以及如何适应气候变化,没有引起足够重视。论文重点阐述土地利用/覆盖变化对区域气候的生物地球物理影响机制,总结土地利用/覆盖与气候变化定量关系的研究进展,得出现阶段研究存在四点不足:①缺乏景观格局与气候过程关系的认识;②较少考虑人类活动对下垫面的影响;③区域气候模式存在局限;④适应气候变化的研究不足。针对上述问题,论文指出基于可持续性的土地系统设计是适应气候变化的有效途径,也是未来气候变化领域的研究重点。

Research Progress on the Quantitative Relationship between Land-Use/Land-Cover Change and Climate Change

Currently, global warming poses a serious threat to sustainable development of human society. Taking effective measures to promote adaptation to climate change are of strategic significance for the sustainable development of human society. Research shows that the main driving forces of global climate change are greenhouse gas emissions, and changes of land use/land cover. In the past, scientific communities mainly focused on how to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions, however, the relationship between land use/land cover change and climate change as well as how to adapt to climate change did not arouse enough attention. This article discusses the biogeophysical impact of land use/land cover change on regional climate, summaries the research progress of their quantitative relationship, and finally points out that current studies pay less attention to: 1) the relationship between landscape pattern and climate processes; 2) impact of human activities on land surface biophysical characteristics; 3) limitations of regional climate models; and 4) adaptation to climate change from the view point of land system planning. In view of the existence of above questions, this article proposes that sustainable land system design is an effective way to promote climate change adaptation, and will be a key issue of future research.