农户家庭生计禀赋对农地流转的影响——以湖北省不同类型功能区为例

论文以湖北武汉、孝感为实证,构建农户家庭生计禀赋衡量体系,运用Logit模型分析不同类型功能区农户生计禀赋对农地流转的影响。研究表明：1）重点开发区农户已参与农地流转的比例（48.38%）及未来愿意参与农地流转的比例（61.99%）相对较高,且流转程序较规范;农产品主产区农户农地流转参与率（46.72%）相对较高,但农户农地依赖程度高,未来愿意参与农地流转的比例（38.61%）相对最低;生态功能区资源环境承载能力较低、农业生产条件差,农地流转实际比例较低（31.82%）,但受农业种植低利益及非农产业高回报的诱导,受访农民未来流转意愿（45.87%）较强烈。2）自然资产及物质资产对农户参与农地流转行为影响较大,目前承包耕地面积大的农户转出农地的概率较大,而经营耕地面积大和拥有生产性工具多的农户转入耕地的概率较大。3）人力资产、自然资产、物质资产、金融资产及社会资产的差异会使农地流转后农民生存风险不同,从而对农户未来参与农地流转意愿影响显著。家庭整体劳动能力、家庭承包耕地面积、实际经营耕地面积、农地机耕条件、家庭拥有生产性工具、拥有耐用消费品数量及人情开支均对农户转入农地意愿产生正向影响;同时,家庭承包耕地面积的增加、农地交通条件及景观环境改善能够增加农户的农地转出意愿。

The Impacts of Farmer Households' Livelihood Endowment on Farmland Transfer: Cases in Different Types of Functional Areas of Hubei Province

In this paper 964 interviewees of 57 villages from 6 towns selected respectively from major development region, major producing area of agricultural products and ecological function zone in Wuhan City and Jingmen City of Hubei Province were taken as empirical study. We constructed index system of household livelihood endowments and explored the impacts of livelihood endowments on land transfer with logit model. The results were as follows: Firstly, the proportion of farmers who have participated in land transfer (48.38%) and are ten-ding to be involved in land transfer in future (61.99%) are relative high in major development region where the procedures of land transfer are more normative. Though the land transfer rate in major agricultural production regions is relatively high, the farmers in these areas have low willingness of participating in future land transfer due to their high dependency on farmland. Because of the low resources and environment carrying capacity and poor condition of agricultural production, the land transfer rate in ecological function area is comparatively low. Nevertheless, as a result of low income of agricultural production and high return of non-agricultural productions, the farmers in ecological function area have considerably high willingness of participating in future land transfer. Secondly, natural assets and physical assets have greater influence on farmers' farmland transfer behavior. Households with larger area of contracted land have relative higher probability to transfer out farmland. Meanwhile, households who manage larger area of cultivated land and possess more productive tools have greater probability to transfer in farmland. Thirdly, since human assets, natural assets, physical assets, financial assets and social assets may cause different survival risks after farmland transfer, they have significantly effects on farmers' willingness of transferring farmland. Farmers' willingness of transferring in farmland is positively affected by households' whole labor capacity, area of contracted land, area of operating land, conditions of farming, number of productive tools, number of consumer goods and social expenditures. Moreover, the increase of area of contracted land and the improvement of farmland' condition, such as the traffic condition and landscape of farmland, both can strengthen farmers' willingness to transfer out farmland.