旅游城镇化背景下沿海小镇的土地利用空间格局演变与驱动机制研究——以大连市金石滩国家旅游度假区为例

研究以多时序土地利用、遥感数据为基础,通过GIS技术结合土地利用动态度、空间叠置与转置模型分析1992-2009 年大连金石滩国家旅游度假区土地利用空间格局演变及驱动机制。研究表明:①土地利用数量变化模式呈现耕地面积大量减少,建设用地迅速增加:1992-2009 年各土地利用类型单一动态度中耕地减少速度最快,为4.66%;建设用地增加最快,为21.32%;耕地大部分转移为建设用地,1992-2009 年耕地转向建设用地的面积为891.35 hm²,占总耕地转移面积的54.76%;旅游用地面积增加了425.35 hm²,占建设用地增长面积的27.69%;②建设用地空间扩展呈现出沿交通干线和海岸线分布,且主要集中在龙山村、满家滩和陈家村的南部交通干线区域,并从该区域不断向周围地区扩张;③与非旅游城镇相比,金石滩逐步从原有单一土地利用类型向旅游主导的复合型用地转变,在“政府”、“企业”和“居民”三个主体影响下,经历了以“自然保护为主-旅游开发为主-保护为前提适度开发”的演化历程。

The Coastal Tourist Town's Land Use Spatial Pattern Evolution and Driving Forces under the Background of Tourism Urbanization —A Case Study of Dalian Jinshitan National Tourist Holiday Resort

Based on multi-temporal land use data and remote sensing data, through GIS technology and the land use dynamic degree, and spatial overlay analysis model, this paper analyses Dalian Jinshitan National Tourist Resorts land use spatial pattern evolution and driving mechanism from 1992 to 2009. Research shows that: 1) land use change models show a significant reduction in arable land and construction land but transportation land increased rapidly: 1992- 2009 Jinshitan witnessed the fastest reduction of arable land in single type of land use dynamic degree, the annual rate of change was 4.66%; the fastest increase was construction land, with an annual rate of change being 21.32%; most of the arable land were transferred into construction land, during 1992-2009 891.35 hm² of arable land were turned to construction area, accounting for 54.76% of the total cultivated land area; tourism land area increased by 425.35 hm², representing an increase of construction land area of 27.69%. 2) Construction land space expanded along the traffic lines and the coastline, presenting the tourist attractions of central tendency, mostly in the south of Longshan, Manjiatan and Chenjiacun, and from this region to the surrounding area constantly. 3) Compared with non-tourist towns, Jinshitan gradually changed from the original single land use type of the compound to the tourism-led land transformation. Driven by the three main bodies of“government”,“enterprise”, and“residents”, Jinshitan National Tourist Holiday Resort experienced a land use spatial evolution pattern of taking“natural resources protection”–“tourism development”as the lead and–“protection as a precondition for moderate development”