不同产权制度下青藏高原地区草地资源使用的效率与公平性分析

论文基于四川省若尔盖牧区两个村落的田野调查,通过草地资源使用的效率和公平性指标,比较草场使用权全村共有和牧户私有这两种产权制度下的经济与社会效益。研究表明,在青藏高原牧区,草场使用权全村共有较牧户私有在资源使用的效率与公平性两个方面均能获得更好的表现。这是因为全村共有的使用权制度更契合当地的自然与社会实情,这包括草地资源时空差异大的自然条件、藏传佛教浸润下的文化氛围以及较强的社区自组织管理能力的社会背景。因此,建议我国在制定与推行草场使用权制度时,应考虑制度实施地的自然环境与社会文化等各方面背景因素,不能简单地在所有牧区强行推进一种产权制度。

A Study on Efficiency and Equity of Rangeland Management on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Different Property Right Systems

Based on field studies in Ruoergai County of Sichuan Province, this paper conducts a comparative analysis on the efficiency and equity of rangeland resource in two different rangeland property systems: private rangeland use-right and community rangeland use-right. The findings of this research demonstrate that community collective use of rangeland is more effective in promoting rangeland management equity and efficiency compared to the privatized use-right regime. This is mainly because the community collective regime is more suitable to the local natural and social characteristics, including the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of rangeland resource distribution, the strong role of pastoralism culture that are embedded in the Tibetan Buddhism, and the ability of community self-organization in rangeland management. Given this, we recommend that policy makers should take local natural characteristics and socio-cultural backgrounds into consideration when designing and implementing rangeland property right regimes, and avoid implementing uniform property arrangement in all pastures across the whole country.