自然资源适应性管理研究综述

自然资源适应性管理是随着对自然资源开发、利用与保护认识的不断深化,在自然资源管理研究不断推进的背景下,产生的一种新的资源管理模式。适应性管理在充分认识自然资源管理系统复杂性和不确定性的前提下,强调在资源管理的实践中不断增进人们对自然资源系统规律的认识,进而提升自然资源管理水平。研究系统论述了自然资源适应性管理的内涵,要素与组织形式,认为目前自然资源适应性管理中存在的主要问题包括尺度效应、自然资源管理的模拟与监测、制度欠缺灵活性、协调困难、研究与管理机构的利己主义、传统资源管理思维的局限、成本和管理风险以及生态价值之间的取舍等。通过分析,总结出自然资源适应性管理研究的发展趋势,包括适应性规划、适应性结果监测、协同适应性管理、适应性风险管理等。建议国内研究应进一步提升对适应性管理的认识,推进适应性管理的理论与实践研究。

A Review of Adaptive Management Research on Natural Resources

Adaptive management is a new paradigm for resources management stemmed from the context of the increase of understanding of the development, utilization and protection of natural resources. Adaptive management is based on the acknowledge of the complexity and uncertainty of natural resources management system and the belief that human knowledge can be improved through resources management practice, furthermore the improved knowledge on resources could facilitate the future resource management. On the ground of summarizing the connotation and essential parts of adaptive management of natural resources, we argued that the main problems currently existing in the adaptive management of natural resources includes scale effect, difficulties in system modeling and monitoring, the lack of flexibility in the institutional arrangements, breakdown in coordination and communication and information sharing, egoism and risk avoidance of the participants of adaptive management, the constraints of traditional resources management patterns, cost and management risk and the conflicts among different ecological values. The authors believe that further studies of adaptive management should give more concerns to collaborative adaptive management planning, adaptive monitoring and outcome evaluation, adaptive co-management, adaptive risk management and the public participation. Finally, we brought forward suggestions for the adaptive management research in China: advancing understanding on the concept of adaptive management, grasping the trend of adaptive management research, promoting the practice of adaptive management and bringing current natural resource management practices or research into the framework of adaptive management.