土地沙化区农民特征与其感知的环境灾害风险的关系分析——基于环境公平视角

论文根据对甘肃省土地沙化区农民的调查数据,运用Logit模型,基于环境公平的视角探讨土地沙化区农民特征与其感知的环境灾害风险的关系。从个体特征上讲,受访者性别和婚姻状况与其感知的环境灾害风险之间的相关关系不显著,受访者受教育程度与其感知的环境灾害风险之间呈显著正相关关系;从经济特征上讲,农民所感知的环境灾害风险主要体现在土地经营收入的损失上,且感知的环境灾害风险与其家庭年总收入之间的关系呈现倒“U”型趋势;从生态环境特征上讲,环境的治理和改善有利于降低农民感知的环境灾害风险。通过分析认为农民所承受的环境灾害风险的不公平一定程度上是农民在社会经济领域所受到的不公平的体现,农民对环境不公平的感知在家庭年总收入10万元左右时最明显,环境不公平主要体现在环境灾害风险对土地经营收入的影响上。农民对生态环境治理效果的认知与对环境公平的感知具有一致性。

Analysis of Correlation between the Characteristics of Farmers and Their Perceived Risk of Environmental Disasters in Desertification Area—From the Perspective of Environmental Justice

On the basis of a survey of farmers in desertification areas of Gansu Province, this thesis, employing Logit model, discusses the relations between the features of farmers in soil desertification areas and their perception of the environmental disasters risk from the perspective of environmental equity. Individually, the gender and marriage status have inconspicuous connections with the perception of risks of environmental disasters, while the educational level of farmers and the perception of risks of environmental disasters significantly demonstrate a positive correlation. In terms of economic features, the risk perception of environmental disasters of farmers is mainly reflected in the loss of land management income; the relations between the farmers’ perception of the environmental disasters risks and their annual household income present an inverted U-shaped trend. From the perspective of ecological features, the environmental governance strikingly lowers the perceivable environmental disasters risks. Through analysis, it is assumed that the unequal risks of environmental disasters posed on farmers is to some extent the reflection of the inequality they suffer in the social-economic realm, which is manifest in that: 1) from the perspective of individual characteristics, farmers aged 40-60 years and those more educated are more perceptive of environmental inequality; 2) from the perspective of economic characteristics, environmental inequality is mainly reflected by the impact of the risk of environmental disaster on land management income, and is associated with the income disparities among different groups that farmers with annual household income around 100 000 yuan are more sensitive to environmental inequality; 3) from the perspective of ecological characteristics, effective ecological governance is favorable for promoting environmental equality; however, farmers’ attitude towards environmental protection is not subject to ecological changes.