旅游城市餐饮业食物消费及其资源环境成本定量核算——以拉萨市为例

餐饮业是旅游城市重要的产业门类,定量分析旅游城市餐饮食物消费规模、结构及其资源环境成本,对于优化旅游城市食物资源供给模式,促进餐饮业可持续发展具有积极意义。基于实地调研的一手数据,论文定量核算了高原旅游城市拉萨市餐饮业食物消费规模与结构,并从生命周期视角,通过构建生态足迹模型计算了拉萨市餐饮业食物消费的资源环境成本,主要结论如下：1）2011与2012年,拉萨市餐饮食物人均消费量为923.7 g,人均食用量为780.3 g。2）拉萨市餐饮食物消费总量由2006年的19 498 t到2013年的41 506 t,增加了112.9%。2013年拉萨市餐饮食物消费总量中,当地居民消费27 983 t,游客消费13 523 t。从消费食物类型分析,包括肉类9 712 t,水产品2 843 t,蔬菜15 696 t,主食6 034 t,水果4 885 t以及饮料、酒水等其他食物1 931 t。3）2013年拉萨市餐饮食物消费的生物生态足迹为226 681 hm²,相当于整个拉萨市耕地总面积的6.3倍,餐饮消费食物垃圾的间接生态足迹为653 hm²。拉萨市餐饮食物消费消耗的生态足迹绝大部分来自于西藏自治区外部,内部供应的生态足迹量仅占生态足迹总量的15%。外部供应份额较大的省份包括甘肃、宁夏、青海等临近省份以及河南等中东部省份。

Quantitative Analysis of Catering Food Consumption and Its Resources and Environmental Cost in Tourist City—A Case Study in Lhasa

With the development of the tourism and the improvement of common people's consumption level, the catering industry has become one of important industrial categories in tourist city. The quantitative analysis of catering food consumption and its resources and environmental cost will be helpful to the optimization of food supply model and the sustainable development of catering industry in tourist cities. Based on the field survey data, this paper calculated the total amount of catering food consumption in Lhasa City, a typical highland tourist city. Further, from the perspective of life cycle, the resources and environment cost of catering food consumption in Lhasa was calculated through constructing ecological footprint model. The main conclusions were as follows: 1) In 2011 and 2012, the food consumption per capita was 923.7 g in Lhasa, and the food eaten by people was 780.3 g per capita. There was significant difference between the food consumptions of tourists and local residents. 2) The total amount of catering food consumption in Lhasa increased from 19 498 t in 2006 to 41 506 t in 2013, with 112.9% of increment. Among the total amount of catering food consumption in 2013, local consumers consumed 27 983 t, and tourists consumed 13 523 t. By categories, the food consumption included 9 712 t of meat, 2 843 t of aquatic, 15 696 t of vegetables, 6 034 t of staple food, 4 885 t of fruits and 1 931 t of drinks and wine. 3) In 2013, biological and ecological footprint of catering food consumption in Lhasa was 226 681 hm², equivalent to 6.3 times of the total cultivated land area of the entire Lhasa. The ecological footprint of catering food waste was 653 hm² in 2013. Most of the ecological footprint catering food consumption consumed in Lhasa came from outside of the Tibet Autonomous Region, while internal supply of ecological footprint accounted for only 15% of the total ecological footprint. External provinces with a larger share of the supply included neighboring provinces such as Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, and some eastern provinces.