中国农用地整理项目安排与耕地资源分布的协调性研究

农用地整理是当前中国土地整治的重点,增加有效耕地面积、提高耕地质量和规模化程度是农用地整理的主导方向与建设目标,相应要求农用地整理项目安排应与现状耕地的数量与质量之间存在协调关系。为了从空间和时间上分析这一协调性,根据2006—2012年农用地整理项目数据,结合全国土地利用现状和农用地分等定级成果,通过建立县域尺度下一致性模型和重心模型,从全国和省级二个空间尺度,分析了农用地整理项目安排与耕地资源在时空分布上的协调性,得到以下结论:1全国层面上,14.4%的耕地区域安排了52.2%的整理项目,项目安排与耕地资源分布的均衡性较差;2省域层面上,多数省份整理项目安排与耕地资源的分布较为一致;3各等别耕地整理比例与其耕地面积比例较为一致,优等地和低等地的整理比例逐渐上升,高等地整理比例趋于下降,中等地整理比例基本稳定;4各等别耕地重心及整理重心按优等地、高等地、中等地、低等地由南向北分布,优等地和中等地的整理项目安排逐渐趋于均衡化,高等地整理开展偏于其耕地重心北侧,低等地整理分布较为不均。

Study on the Coordination between Farmland Consolidation and Cultivated Land Resources in China

Farmland consolidation is the focus of land consolidation in China. As increasing the area of effective cultivated land and improving the quality and the scale of cultivated land are important orientations and goals of farmland consolidation, so it requires coordination between farmland consolidation and the quantity and quality of cultivated land to a certain degree. In order to find out this coordination both on space and time, based on the data of consolidation project from 2006 to 2012 by the Ministry of Land and Resources, combined with land use data and production of agricultural land classification and gradation, the paper first establishes consistency models and gravity center models by spatial analysis tools in ArcGIS at county level. Then the coordination of farmland consolidation and cultivated land resources is analyzed at national and provincial level. The results show that: 1) In terms of national level, 52.2% of farmland consolidation was arranged in the region of 14.4% of cultivated land during 2006 to 2012. It shows a poor coordination between farmland consolidation and the quantity of cultivated land resources. 2) When it comes to provincial level, the gravity centers of farmland consolida-tion are convergent to the gravity center of cultivated land in the majority of provinces. There is a good consistency between the arrangement of farmland consolidation and the distribution of cultivated land. 3) The proportion of farmland consolidation and cultivated land is relatively identical at each grade of cultivated land. The ratio of superior and inferior cultivated land increase gradually, while the higher grade shows a downward trend and the medium changes little. 4) We can easily find that the farmland consolidation gravity centers of each grade of cultivated land and the land gravity center are consistent in spatial distribution. The arrangement of farmland consolidation on superior and medium cultivated land becomes more and more balanced. The consolidation of higher cultivated land stresses to north and the consolidation gravity center of inferior cultivated land shows an annual difference. The above results reflect that the arrangement of farmland consolidation is unreasonable at national level. In some provinces, the current arrangement is not suitable to optimize sustainable development. It is necessary for the government to reduce the proportion of land development. Meanwhile, we can also find that the farmland consolidation becomes more and more balanced, and it also reflects a public welfare according to the increase of consolidation on inferior cultivated land. In the future, the guiding role of national land consolidation planning should be strengthened to standardize the provincial farmland consolidation project. We should take the opportunity to improve the quality of cultivated land of the whole country.