多区域投入产出分析下中国水足迹地区间比较——基于“总量-相关指标-结构”分析框架

在“总量-相关指标-结构”分析框架下,采用中国大陆30省区（除西藏）42经济部门多区域投入产出及伪基尼系数差异成因分解方法,估算、比较各省区水足迹并分析差异成因,衡量省区降低水足迹（即水足迹总量）的紧迫性并识别调整重点,对具体调整提出建议,为构建中国特色水安全保障体系提供依据。研究表明：1）30省区水足迹均方差系数为51.79%,其中新疆、黑龙江水足迹最高,天津、北京对应最低。2）结合相关指标地区间比较,30省区中宁夏、黑龙江、上海降低水足迹紧迫性最强;天津、山西等提高居民生活直接用水效率紧迫性最强。3）根据部门结构地区间比较,列出各省区降低水足迹中须重点关注的部门,可以看到各省区均须重点调整农林牧渔业、食品制造及烟草加工业用水。4）来源结构地区间比较中,青海、宁夏和新疆的水足迹主要靠当地来供给,其余各地区水足迹均主要源于国内其他地区;可得到各省区上述降低水足迹中应重点关注部门的水足迹主要来源地,如黑龙江、天津、海南等地农林牧渔业水足迹主要源自当地。因此,各地区应结合上述紧迫性、重点关注部门及主要来源分析结果,加强节水工作的针对性。

Regional Comparison of Water Footprint in China Based on the Multi-regional Input-output Analysis: In the Analytical Framework of “Amount-Relative Index-Structure”

In the analytical framework of “amount-relative index-structure”, applying multi-regional input-output analysis as well as the Pseudo Gini Coefficient Difference Causes Decomposition method in 42 economic sectors of 30 provinces (not including Xizang, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan due to no data), the provincial water footprint is evaluated and the reason causing the difference is analyzed; the urgency of water footprint reduction in each province (i.e. water footprint amount reduction) is evaluated and the key point should be adjusted is found; suggestions for specific adjustment are put forward. It is found that the variance coefficient of water footprint in 30 provinces is 51.79%, the water footprint amounts in Xinjiang and Heilongjiang being the largest in 30 provinces, while those in Tianjin and Beijing being the smallest. Comparing the relevant indexes in different regions, there are greatest necessities for Ningxia, Heilongjiang and Shanghai to reduce their water footprints, for Tianjin, Shanxi and some other provinces to improve their household direct water use efficiencies. According to the regional comparison of sector structure, the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, food manufacturing and tobacco processing industry are sectors should be paid key attention in reducing water footprint in all the 30 provinces. As for the water footprint sources, the water footprints of Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang mainly come from local source, while those of the remaining provinces are all from external sources. The main sources of water footprints of the key sectors in each province can be concluded, for example, the water footprints of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in Heilongjiang, Tianjin, Hainan are from local sources. Considering the above analysis results of urgency, each province should strengthen the water use adjustment on key sectors and main sources.