藏北草地生态系统可持续发展能力评价

藏北草地是我国重要的畜牧业生产基地和生态安全屏障。然而,草地退化引发了一系列的生态、经济、环境和社会问题,不仅直接威胁到我国的生态屏障安全和当地的畜牧业生产,而且严重影响着藏北草地生态系统的可持续发展。研究以藏北那曲地区为例,利用复合生态系统场方法,构建了以生态功能、生产功能和生活功能为基础的可持续发展评价指标体系和模型,并通过对1985-2008年那曲地区草地生态系统的发展变化分析,定量评价了草地生态系统的可持续发展能力。评价结果表明,藏北那曲草地生态系统的发展位已超过了系统的最大承载能力,发展势缺乏潜能,协调性较差,可持续发展度很低,草地生态系统处于不可持续的发展状态。

Evaluation of Rangeland Ecosystem Sustainability of the Northern Tibetan Region,China

Rangeland on northern Tibetan Plateau is an important base for livestock production, and also plays a vital role in the ecological safety shelter zone in China. However, a series of ecological, economic and social problems were derived from the degradation of rangeland in the northern Tibetan which in return has not only directly threatened the ecological safety shelter zone in China and the animal husbandry production, but also resulted in negative effects on the regional sustainable development of rangeland ecosystem. Taking the Nagqu region in northern Tibet as a case, this study, applying complex ecosystem field theory, established an evaluation index system and models of rangeland sustainable development based on the ecological, productive and livelihood functions of rangeland ecosystem. The variation of sustainable development of rangeland ecosystem during 1985 to 2008 was analyzed, and sustainability was quantitatively evaluated in the Nagqu region of northern Tibet. The evaluation results showed that the development location of rangeland ecosystem exceeded its maximum carrying capacity, and that development potential, harmonious degree and the sustainable development degree of alpine rangeland ecosystem was very low, indicating that rangelands ecosystem was in an unsustainable development situation in the Nagqu region of northern Tibet.