40°N以北城市夏季气候舒适度及消夏旅游潜力分析

全球气候变暖导致我国夏季普遍高温,传统的近距离山地避暑,已不能满足大众对凉爽气候环境的需求。论文着眼我国高纬地区消夏旅游,选取212座城市1980—2010年长期气候观测数据,利用温湿指数、风寒指数、衣着指数对40°N以北城市夏季气候舒适度进行定量测评。研究结论如下:1从气候舒适度角度分析,空间上,东北地区适合消夏旅游的地域广阔,内蒙古和新疆北部山地,适合消夏旅游地域较小;时间上,6月气候舒适度最舒适,均值为7.62,8月次之,7月较差,均值仅6.81。2从旅游舒适期长短分析,东北三省以及新疆的阿勒泰消夏期最长,达60多天,而河北北部、内蒙古中部、新疆伊犁消夏期为30~45 d,内蒙古西部、新疆天山谷地最短,小于30 d;时间上,一年中8月舒适期最长,均值25.1 d,7月次之,6月最短,均值为19.9 d。3高纬地区,消夏旅游区划分为6种。在我国更适宜消夏旅游的地区,主要分布在我国高纬地区的中东部,并且以东北三省最具竞争力。研究可为游客消夏旅游目的地选择和相关部门消夏旅游开发及战略制定提供参考。

An Analysis of Climate Comfort Degree and Tourism Potential Power of Cities in Northern China in Summer to the North of 40°N

Global warming lead to universally high temperature in summer. Traditional avoid summer heat in the mountains has been unable to meet the public demand for cool climate environment. This paper, focusing on summer tourism in high-latitude of China, selected 212 cities long-term climate observation data from 1980 to 2010, quantitatively evaluated summer climate comfort degree of cities to the north latitude of 40°N by THI, WCI, and ICL. Conclusions are as follows: 1) From the spatial distribution, vast northeastern plains are suitable for summer tourism. In mountainous region of northern Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang, the regions appropriate for summer tourism are small. From time series, the most comfortable time being June with average index is 7.62, next is August with average index of 7.28, July has the relatively poor climate comfort and its average degree is 6.81. 2) The longest avoiding summer heat period is more than 60 days, which includes Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Xinjiang Altay region. Second is northern Hebei and central Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang Yili region, the summer heat avoiding period is 30 to 45 days. However, in western Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang Tianshan valley the period is less than 30 days. Among a year, the longest comfortable month is August with average days adding to 25.1, next is July with average days about 20.2, the shortest climate comfortable time is June with average days about 19.9. 3) The high-latitude summer tourism comprehensive regionalization in China is divided into six types. From the type of statistics, the more suitable summer tourism regions are mainly distributed in the high latitudes of centraleast China, and the most competitive provinces are the three northeastern provinces of China. This research provides a certain reference for the choice of summer tourist destination and the formulation of summer tourism development strategy.