中国耕地利用投入的时空差异

耕地投入量在不同农作物间配置格局转变的信息对于国家制定粮食安全政策非常重要。论文在将农作物划分为谷物作物、豆类作物、油料作物、纤维作物、糖料作物和蔬菜作物的基础上,测算了我国耕地利用投入,并进一步分析了耕地利用投入及其内部构成的时空差异。结果表明:①我国耕地利用投入从1998年的27.67×10¹⁰元增加到2011年的38.15×10¹⁰元,1999年起蔬菜作物投入超过谷物作物,我国耕地利用的投入格局已从谷物作物转向蔬菜作物;②耕地利用高投入的省份集中在黄淮海平原,低投入的省份主要分布在西北地区,耕地利用投入增长集中于北方和西南省份;③我国粮食主产省份的谷物作物投入比例大,东部沿海地区的蔬菜作物投入比例大;④种植集约度上升对经济较发达省份的谷物和蔬菜作物投入增长具有明显的推动作用,而大多数西部省份的谷物和蔬菜作物投入增长的主要原因为播种面积增加。

Temporal and Spatial Variations of Arable Land Use Input in China

Accurate information on pattern of arable land inputs by crops is important for ensuring national food security in China. The crops were divided into cereal crops, legume crops, oil crops, fiber crops, sugar crops and vegetable crops in this paper. Then total inputs of arable land in China were estimated based on the data pertaining to crops sown area and its cost per unit area, which were respectively gathered from the China Statistical Yearbook and National Farm Product Cost-benefit Survey. Furthermore, the temporal and spatial variations of China’s cultivated land use inputs by crops were analyzed at the provincial level. The results show that: 1) Total inputs of arable land in China grew strongly from 27.67×10¹⁰yuan in 1998 to 38.15×10¹⁰yuan in 2011, while the growth was mainly attributable to the increase of vegetable crops inputs. Vegetable crops inputs were higher than cereal crops in 1999, and have become the biggest input crops since then. Thus, it is concluded that the pattern of arable land inputs is shifting from cereal crops to vegetable crops. 2) There were marked differences in the arable land inputs and its growth rates from the provincial point of view. Provinces with higher arable land inputs were concentrated in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain; meanwhile, the lower inputs provinces were mainly located in northwestern China. The increase of arable land inputs in northern and southwestern China was higher than the other regions from 2001 to 2011, with a rate of more than 50%. 3) The proportion of cereal crops inputs to arable land total input in China’s main grain producing regions was higher than the other regions, compared with that the proportion of vegetable crops inputs was comparatively higher in the eastern coastal zone. The increase of cereal crops and vegetable crops inputs in developed regions was largely due to the rise in intensive use, while the increase by cereal crops and vegetable crops inputs in most western provinces was attributable to the enlarging sown area.