春小麦生产潜力与持续发展——以宁夏南部山区为例

本文以宁夏南部山区为例,通过对ＡＥＺ等模型中的若干参数进行修正,计算了春小麦的光温生产潜力ｙ（Ｑ,Ｔ）和气候生产潜力ｙ（Ｑ,Ｔ,Ｗ）以及需水量Ｅｍ和缺水量Ｅｌ。结果表明：ｙ（Ｑ,Ｔ）为６．８５～８．０６ｔ／ｈｍ^２,ｙ（Ｑ,Ｔ,Ｗ）为２．２２～５．３２ｔ／ｈｍ^２；Ｅｍ为３４０～４５０ｍｍ,Ｅｌ为７０～３００ｍｍ,尤其在拔节期和孕穗期缺水现象十分严重；上述结果经检验都符合当地的实际情况。提出了当地要发展集水灌溉使天然降水资源化、扩大基本农田面积和以肥促水提高水分利用系数等持续发展措施。

THE PRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF SPRING WHEAT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT——A CASE STUDY ON THE MOUNTAINOUS AREA OFSOUTHERN NINGXIA

aking as the case study of the mountainous area of southern Ningxia,we have amended several parameters of AZE , Doorenbos,Chikugo, Miami, Thornthwaite Memorial models according to the crop and the natural environmental factors of the mountainous area of southern Ningxia and reckoned the photo temperature productive potential y(Q,T), the climatic productive potential y(Q,T,W), the amount of needed water Em and the amount of the insufficient water El of spring wheat. The main results are listed below: y(Q,T) is about 6.85～8.06 t /ha, y(Q,T,W) is about 2.22～5.32 t/ha, Em is about 340～450mm, El is about 70～300 mm. The amount of the insufficient water El in jointing stage and ear pregnant stage is specially serious. The above reckoned results all are conformed with its actual situation. In this region, the sustainable development strategies such as cumulating the rain water for irrigation i.e. using natural precipitation into available resource, increasing the basic cultivated area and improving water use efficiency etc. should have to be adopted.