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Transfer of 241Am and 237Pu from euphausiid moults to a carbonate-rich marine sediment
Institution:1. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA;2. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA;3. Tampa Bay Estuary Program, 263 13th Ave S, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA;4. Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340, USA;5. Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada;6. Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;7. Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia;8. University of Plymouth, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK;1. Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK;2. School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK;1. British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environmental Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK;2. University of Washington, Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA;3. The University of Western Australia, School of Earth and Environment, ARC Centre in Coral Reef Studies, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia;4. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 790 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA;5. Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;6. HGF-MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;7. Biology Department Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA;8. Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 München, Germany;9. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;10. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;11. Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands;12. Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 6404, 9294 Tromsø, Norway;13. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3D, 24148 Kiel, Germany;14. Norwegain Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway;15. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d''Océanographie de Villefranche, 181 chemin du Lazaret, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France;p. Marine Biogeosciences, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;q. Institute of Geosciences, Marine Climate Research, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Ludewig-Meyn Str. 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany;r. Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Japan;s. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbroker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany;t. Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, St. George''s, Bermuda GE 01, Bermuda;u. Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;v. National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK;w. Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK;x. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Pt., VA 23062, USA;y. School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK;z. Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalan, Spain;11. Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Spain
Abstract:Concentrations of 241Am and 237Pu adsorbed onto moulted exoskeletons from the euphausiid Megancytiphanes norvegica decreased exponentially with 50% retention times of 3–7 d when moults were incubated in filtered seawater with small amounts of a carbonate-rich sediment. Over 95% of sediment weight was present as < 43 μm silt particles and 91 ± 4% of radioactivity lost from moults was recovered in this size fraction. Adsorption of both actinides (atoms μm−2) was greatest in the medium-fine sand fraction which had the highest carbonate content. These particles constituted <0·4% of total sediment dry weight but their reactivity (atoms μm−2 surface: atoms μm−3 in solution) was 103–104 times higher than similar quotients for <43 μm particles. The enrichment shows that non-homogeneous distributions may arise between particle types when actinides such as 241Am and 237Pu sorbed to surfaces of organic particles are transferred to sediments.
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