Plutonium and americium in arctic waters,the North Sea and Scottish and Irish coastal zones |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lasarettet, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden;2. Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;3. IAEA International Laboratory of Marine Radioactivity, Musée Oceanographique, Monaco, France;1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China;2. South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou, 510300, China;1. Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait;2. Institute Bobby, 8 Allée des Orangers, 06320 Cap d''Ail, France;3. International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco;1. Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK?CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium;2. NERC – Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Library Avenue, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK;3. Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, France;4. Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Glushkov Av., 42, Kiev 03187, Ukraine;5. Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Grini Næringspark 13, P.O. Box 55, NO-1332 Østerås, Norway;6. Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, EVS/Bldg 240, Argonne, IL 60439, USA;7. University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;8. Vin?a Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, Belgrade, Serbia;9. Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 787, Haean-ro, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea;10. KAERI – Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 150 Deokjindong, Yu Song, P.O. Box 105, 305-353 Daejeon, Republic of Korea;11. Research and Production Association “Typhoon”, 4 Pobedy Str., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 249038, Russia;12. Departamento de Física Aplicada I, University of Seville, Carretera de Utrera km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain;13. NRG, Utrechtseweg 310, 6800 ES Arnhem, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Plutonium and americium have been measured in surface waters of the Greenland and Barents Seas and in the northern North Sea from 1980 through 1984. Measurements in water and biota, Fucus, Mytilus and Patella, were carried out in North-English and Scottish waters in 1982 and Fucus samples were collected from the Irish coast in 1983. Fallout is found to dominate as a source of 239+240Pu north of latitude 65°N, while for 238Pu a substantial fraction originates from European nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities. The 238Pu/239+240Pu isotope ratio provides clear evidence of the transport of effluent plutonium from the latter to Spitsbergen waters. Fallout plutonium in Arctic waters has a residence time of the order of several years, while for Pu from Sellafield we estimate mean residence times of 11–15 months in Scottish waters and, tentatively, 1·5-3 y during transport from the North Channel (north of the Irish Sea) to Spitsbergen. 241Am found in Arctic waters probably originates from the decay of fallout 241Pu and, like Pu, tentatively has a residence time of the order of several years. Americium from Sellafield has an estimated mean residence time of 4–6 months in Scottish waters. |
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