沈阳市儿童环境铅暴露评价

在沈阳市全市范围内采集大气、土壤、灰尘样品,根据美国EPA推荐的儿童暴露参数,将所得的环境铅含量与儿童行为数据和铅摄入量结合,计算沈阳市儿童环境铅暴露量.结果表明,在沈阳市儿童各种环境铅暴露中,儿童每天由于手口接触摄入的土壤铅量>灰尘铅摄入量>吸入空气铅量>皮肤从土壤中吸收的铅量.其中,土壤和灰尘铅是儿童铅负荷的最主要来源,儿童平均每天由于手口接触摄入的土壤铅量和灰尘铅摄入量分别为2.35×10-2mg·d-1,9.70×10-3mg·d-1.除了皮肤铅暴露,沈阳市儿童每日土壤、灰尘和空气铅暴露量近似服从正态分布.铁西区、太原街和崇山小区是沈阳市儿童主要的环境铅暴露区.

Exposure assessment of environment lead for children in Shenyang City

The Pb levels from air, soil and dust in Shenyang city were measured, and based on the data on children behavior and uptake of environment Pb, the proposed linkage between Pb concentrations in air, soils and dusts and Pb exposure levels of children has been conceptually established through bio-dynamic model according to US EPA,and Monte Carlo analysis was introduced to minimize the uncertainties in exposure assessment. According to the results of calculation, the children mainly exposed to soil Pb and dust Pb in Shenyang and the average daily exposure to soil/dust Pb were 2.35×10^-2mg·d^-1, 9.70×10^-3mg·d^-1, respectively. The children living in Tiexi district were susceptible to expose to Pb in environment due to the extensive manufacturing activity and long history of metallurgy there.