Emissions of N2O and NH3, and nitrogen leaching from direct seeded rice under different tillage practices in central China |
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| Authors: | Zhang Jian-She Zhang Fu-Ping Yang Jin-Hua Wang Jin-Ping Cai Ming-Li |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Lab of Huazhong Crop Production, Physiology and Ecology of Agriculture Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China;2. College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China;3. College of Resource and Environment, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi 860000, PR China;1. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;2. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;2. Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;3. Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China;4. Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616, USA;1. School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;2. Institute for the Study of Earth, Ocean and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA;3. Eco-environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China;4. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;1. Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, China;2. Institute of Bio- and Geosciences—Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany;3. Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research—Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany;4. State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029 Beijing, China;5. International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Old Naivasha Road, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya |
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| Abstract: | Tillage practices affect the fate of fertilizer nitrogen (N) through influencing transformations of N, but few studies have examined N2O and NH3 emissions, and N leaching from different rice tillage systems. Thus the objective of this study was to assess N2O emission, NH3 volatilization and N leaching from direct seeded rice in conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) production systems in the subtropical region of China during the 2008 and 2009 rice growing seasons. Treatments were established following a split-plot design of a randomized complete block with tillage practices as the main plot and N fertilizer level as the sub-plot treatment, and there were four treatments: NT + no fertilizer (NT0), CT + no fertilizer (CT0), NT + compound fertilizer (NTC) and CT + compound fertilizer (CTC), respectively. Results showed that N fertilization significantly increased (p < 0.01) N2O emissions, NH3 volatilization and N leaching from rice fields in both years. In general, there was no significant difference in N2O emissions and NH3 volatilization between NT0 and CT0 in both years, while NTC had significantly higher (p < 0.05) N2O emissions and NH3 volatilization compared to CTC. Over the two rice growing seasons, NTC showed 32% and 47% higher N2O emissions, and 29% and 52% higher NH3 losses than CTC. Higher (p < 0.05) N2O emissions from NTC than CTC were presumably due to higher soil organic C and greater denitrification. Total N and NO3? concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) in CTC than NTC, but larger volumes of percolation water in NTC than CTC resulted in no significant difference in leakage of total N and NO3?. Hence, application of N fertilizer in combination with NT appeared to be ineffective in reducing N losses from N fertilizer in paddy fields. |
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