Ethanol production from alkali-pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunch by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with mucor indicus |
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Authors: | Abdi Christia Arima Diah Setiowati Keikhosro Karimi Muhammad Nur Cahyanto Claes Niklasson |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran;3. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden |
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Abstract: | Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is a potential raw material for production of lignocellulosic bioethanol. The OPEFB was pretreated with 8% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at 100°C for 10 to 90 min. Enzymatic digestion was carried out using cellulase and β-glucosidase at 45°C for 24 h. It was then inoculated with Mucor indicus spores suspension and fermented under anaerobic conditions at 37°C for 96 h. Sodium hydroxide pretreatment effectively removed 51–57% of lignin in the OPEFB and also its hemicellulose (40–84%). The highest glucan digestibility (0.75 g/g theoretical glucose) was achieved in 40-min NaOH pretreatment. Fermentation by M. indicus resulted in 68.4% of the theoretical ethanol yield, while glycerol (16.2–83.2 mg/g), succinic acid (0–0.4 mg/g), and acetic acid (0–0.9 mg/g) were its by-products. According to these results, 11.75 million tons of dry OPEFB in Indonesia can be converted into 1.5 billion liters of ethanol per year. |
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Keywords: | Ethanol Mucor indicus oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) pretreatment sodium hydroxide simultaneous saccharification and fermentation |
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