Effect of thermal stress and total residual chlorination on early life stages of the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus |
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| Authors: | D P Middaugh J M Dean R G Domey G Floyd |
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| Institution: | (1) Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Laboratory, Bears Bluff Field Station, John's Island, South Carolina, USA;(2) Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA;(3) Department of Biology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA;(4) Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas Health Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA |
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| Abstract: | Effects of simultaneous short-term (7.5 to 60 min) thermal stress (24° to 34°C) and total residual chlorination (0.05 to 1.0 mg l-1) on specific development stages of the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae), were investigated. For the embryonic stages, the total number of successfully hatched larvae was used as the criterion to measure effect. For the larval stages, survival 24 h after exposure was used. In the embryonic stages, temperature was the most important main variable. Only one embryonic stage (gastrula) was confounded by second-order interactions (temperature x duration of exposure x total residual chlorination). Both 0-day and 7-day-old larval stages showed significant higher-order interactions for all combinations of test parameters, suggesting the presence of synergistic effects of the three main experimental variables.Contribution No. 308 to the Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Laboratory. Contribution No. 183 to the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research. |
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