基于生态安全格局的国土空间生态保护修复关键区域诊断与识别——以烟台市为例

山水林田湖草系统生态保护修复是维护国家生态安全的重要保障。当前国土空间生态保护修复研究缺乏从生态系统的完整性和结构连通性角度对国土空间生态保护修复关键区域进行诊断和识别。烟台市作为我国典型滨海城市,湿地退化,生境类型单一造成景观稳定性差,国土空间生态保护修复刻不容缓。为全面识别烟台市国土空间生态保护修复关键区域,利用生境质量模型、生境风险评估模型、粒度反推法、最小累积阻力模型和电路理论,通过构建区域生态安全格局,诊断生态“夹点”、生态障碍点、生态断裂点等,识别和确定研究区域的国土空间生态保护修复关键区域。研究发现：（1）烟台市生态源地共计668.85 km²,主要为林地、水域,源间廊道共计1548.36 km,呈现“两横两纵”的空间特征;（2）基于生态安全格局识别烟台生态保护修复关键区域,包括13处生态“夹点”区域、8处生态障碍点区域、39处生态断裂点区域、破碎生态空间1308.66 km²;（3）结合各类生态保护修复关键区域的空间分布特征、土地利用现状,分别提出修复提升方向。研究可为国土空间生态保护修复关键区域识别、生态系统整体修复提升提供科学指导。

Determining and identifying key areas of ecosystempreservation and restoration for territorial spatial planning based on ecological security patterns: A case study of Yantai city

Ecosystem preservation and restoration of Mountain-River-Forest-Farmland-Lake-Grass System is very important for national ecological security. Current researches on ecosystem preservation and restoration for territorial spatial planning lack the determination and identification of key areas from a perspective of ecosystem integrity and landscape connectivity. Due to wetland degradation and homogeneity of habitat types that resulted in the low ecosystem resilience, it is urgent for in Yantai, a typical bay city in China, to restore degraded ecosystem and preserve natural resources. In the study, a regional ecological security pattern was proposed and key areas of ecosystem preservation and restoration including pinch points, barrier points, break points and fragmented ecological functional land were identified using habitat quality model, habitat risk assessment model, granularity inverse method, minimum cumulative resistance model and circuit theory. The results showed that the ecological hubs covered an area of 668.85 km², with a total of 1548.36 km corridors between them, and most of the hubs were water body and forests. All of them constructed a "two horizontal and two vertical" ecological security pattern. Key areas of ecosystem preservation and restoration were identified based on the ecological security pattern, including a total of 13 ecological pinch points, 8 ecological barrier points, 39 ecological break points, and 1308.66 km² of fragmented ecological land. Suggestions of restoration were proposed, with a combination of the spatial distribution characteristics and land use status of various key areas of ecosystem preservation and restoration. It would help to provide scientific guidance for identifying key areas of ecosystem preservation and restoration for territorial spatial planning and sustainable ecosystem management.