三权分置改革中新型农业经营主体的政策认知及其行为响应——以上海市青浦区为例

农村土地三权分置是现阶段我国农地产权制度的重大创新,其政策逻辑是通过农地产权的细化和明晰促进资源的优化配置,以推动农业转型发展。但是三权分置能否改善人们对土地产权的长期、安全、稳定的预期,改变经营主体的行为方式,依然有待实践的检验。以新型经营主体对政策的认知为切入点,以三权分置实践较早的上海市青浦区为典型案例,在问卷调查和实地访谈的基础上,基于“三权分置改革—主体认知—行为响应”的政策传导机制,应用结构方程模型,研究新型农业经营主体的政策认知程度对其规模经营行为、长期投入行为和向环境友好型农业转型等行为的影响。结果显示：新型农业经营主体对三权分置政策的认知对其三大类生产经营行为的转变均存在显著影响;并且认知程度越深,其实践农业生产方式转型的可能性越大。需要进一步完善配套制度建设、加强三权分置政策的宣传和解释力度,提升农业从业者人力资本水平,为农业转型升级提供内生动力。

Impact of policy cognition of new agricultural entities on their behavior changes in the Three Rights Separation reform:A case study of Shanghai Qingpu

Three Rights Separation is a major institution innovation of China's rural land property rights system, targeted to promote the optimal allocation of resources through the refinement and clarification of property rights of agricultural land, encouraging property rights transfer and optimization, finally enhancing agriculture development and transition. However, it remains untested whether the separation of three rights can improve farmers' long-term expectations of the safety and security of property rights, and subsequently change their behaviors. Based on the mechanism of "policy reform-policy cognition-behavior change" and a case study of Qingpu district, where the practice of land property rights transfers was started early, the policy cognition and behavior changes of the new agricultural entities was studied. Questionnaire investigation and semi-structured interviews were carried out for data collection and structural equation model was applied to study the influence of policy cognition on their behavior changes to enlarging scales, enhancing long-term investment and shifting to environmentally friendly agriculture. It is found out that the policy cognition is of positive impacts on their behavior changes and subsequently contributes to the transformation of agriculture; the better cognition also leads to greater behavior changes. Thus more attention should be paid to enhancing the supporting system of the Three Rights Separation Reform, strengthening policy transparency and interpretation to farmers, improving the human capital stock of agriculture, in order to provide strong endogenous power for the transformation and upgrading of agriculture.