基于生态系统服务供需关系的广西县域国土生态修复空间分区

国土生态修复是我国土地整治战略发展的需求,其空间分区与管控是实施国土整治与生态修复差别化建设的前提条件。以广西各县市为研究单元,在测算和分析生态系统服务供给量和需求量基础上,利用象限匹配法、双变量局部空间自相关和供需协调度来定量分析生态系统服务供需匹配关系、空间聚集程度和协调关联性,进而探讨和划分广西国土生态修复的空间分区及其管控措施与建议。研究表明：（1）广西各县市生态系统服务供给和需求差异明显。环绕广西的四周山林地和重点生态功能区县生态系统服务供给量较高,大中城市区则较低。生态系统服务需求量自东南向西北逐渐减少。（2）广西生态系统服务供需空间匹配呈现高供高需型、低供高需型、低供低需型、高供低需型四种类型,供需局部空间自相关以高-低或低-高的空间聚集为主,且生态系统服务供需协调度平均值为0.531,处于一般均衡。（3）结合生态系统服务供需匹配四类特征和广西地理环境条件,将广西各县域划分为10个分区,并针对各分区提出差异化整治措施和建议。总体上,生态系统服务高供高需型的区域应以保育为主、培育为辅,防止过度开发;高供低需型的区域以保护为主,提高管理水平;低供高需型的区域应以综合改良为主,提高土地效益;低供低需型的区域应以国土生态重构或重建为主,侧重恢复生态系统。

Spatial zoning for land ecological consolidation in Guangxi based on the ecosystem services supply and demand

Ecological consolidation is of great importance for land consolidation, and it is also the inevitable requirement of ecological civilization construction and rural revitalization strategy. The spatial zoning of ecological consolidation and differentiated management can contribute to economic development and human well-being. In this study, we aimed to characterize the relationship between ecosystem services supply and demand, and identify their spatial heterogeneity with Guangxi as a case study. Firstly, the ecosystem services supply was calculated by using revised value method, and the ecosystem services demands were characterized by using the socio-economic indicators. Secondly, through conducting the relationship framework between land ecological consolidation and ecosystem services, we analyzed and evaluated ecosystem service supply-demand space matching status, relationship, aggregation and coordination degree based on matching types, local spatial autocorrelation analysis and coordination degree. Finally, the spatial zoning of land ecological consolidation, and its regulation measures in different subareas were determined and discussed. The results showed that: (1) Both ecosystem service supply and demand of Guangxi had high spatial variations. The high supply of ES was mainly distributed in the mountainous forest areas or ecological function districts around Guangxi, while the low supply of ES was concentrated in cities. Ecosystem service demands were high in the southeastern Guangxi, whereas they were low in the northwestern Guangxi. (2) The differences of ecosystem services supply and demand spatial matching were obvious, and were grouped into four matching types. The average coordination degree of ecosystem services was 0.531, which was in a general equilibrium level, indicating that ecosystem services supply and demand was in an equilibrium state. (3) Based on the combination of the geographical environment characteristics, landscape heterogeneity and ecological function zoning, the 94 administrative county units in Guangxi could be classified into four land ecological management areas (HH area, LH area, LL area, and HL area), and 10 land ecological subareas. Differential management measures were proposed for each management area. HH area should focus on conservation and cultivation, and prohibit the large-scale construction. HL area should be protected comprehensively to improve production efficiency and management level. LH area should improve land use efficiency and implement comprehensive improvement measures. LL area should target at ecological reconstruction.