基于土地利用与景观格局的生态保护红线生态系统健康评价方法——以南京市为例

生态保护红线是生态功能极其重要或生态环境极为敏感/脆弱的区域,是生态保护的核心区域。以南京市生态保护红线为研究对象,基于2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年四期土地利用/覆被和遥感影像等数据资料,对生态保护红线的生态系统健康进行了评价。结果显示：（1）2015年南京市生态保护红线内不同类型土地利用面积由大到小依次为：林地、耕地、水域、人工表面、湿地和草地,其中林地面积最大并逐年增长,耕地面积逐年减少;（2）2000—2015年南京市生态保护红线生态系统健康指数平均值为53.83,生态保护红线的生态系统健康指数处于亚健康水平,并呈现缓慢增长的趋势;（3）陆域生态系统,特别是森林植被覆盖度较大的区域,生态系统健康指数较高,相反,水域生态系统的生态系统健康指数相对较低。

Ecosystem health assessment method of eco-redline based on land use and landscape pattern in Nanjing

Ecological conservation redline (eco-redline), the region with special and important ecological functions in the ecological space, must be strictly protected. According to the theory of ecology, only in a well-structured and healthy ecosystem, can the ecological function be brought into full play and the ecological security be guaranteed. Therefore, the ecosystem health of eco-redline is the basis of maintaining regional ecological security. Based on the data of land use/cover and remote sensing images in years of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, this paper evaluated the ecosystem health of the eco-redline in Nanjing from five aspects: vigor, organization, resilience, ecosystem service function and anthropogenic stress. The results show that: (1) The areas of forest land, farmland, water bodies, construction land, wetland and grassland in eco-redline in the study area were 511.74 km², 456.96 km², 432.58 km², 118.0 km², 32.79 km² and 1.56 km², respectively. The area of forest land continued to increase, while that of farmland decreased gradually. (2) From 2000 to 2015, the average ecosystem health index of eco-redline in Nanjing was 53.83, above the sub-health level, and showing a slow growth trend. (3) The ecosystem health index of terrestrial ecosystem was higher, especially in the areas with large forest vegetation coverage, compared with aquatic ecosystem.