Experimental study of a positive surge. Part 1: basic flow patterns and wave attenuation |
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Authors: | Carlo Gualtieri Hubert Chanson |
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Institution: | (1) Professor in Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia |
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Abstract: | A positive surge results from a sudden change in flow that increases the depth. It is the unsteady flow analogy of the stationary
hydraulic jump and a geophysical application is the tidal bore. Positive surges are commonly studied using the method of characteristics
and the Saint-Venant equations. The article presents the results from new experimental investigations conducted in a large
rectangular channel. Detailed unsteady velocity measurements were performed with a high temporal resolution using acoustic
Doppler velocimetry and non-intrusive free-surface measurement devices. Several experiments were conducted with the same initial
discharge (Q = 0.060 m3/s) and six different gate openings after closure resulting in both non-breaking undular and breaking bores. The analysis
of undular surges revealed wave amplitude attenuation with increasing distance of surge propagation were in agreement with
Ippen and Kulin theory. Also, undular wave period and wave length data were relatively close to the values predicted by the
wave dispersion theory for gravity waves in intermediate water depths. |
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