Volatiles from the bark of trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx. (Salicaceae) disrupt secondary attraction by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) |
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Authors: | John H Borden Ian M Wilson Regine Gries Leslie J Chong Harold D Pierce Jr Gerhard Gries |
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Institution: | (1) Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada. E-mail: borden@sfu.ca, CA;(2) Phero Tech Inc., 7572 Progress Way, RR # 3, Delta, British Columbia V4G 1E3, Canada, CA;(3) Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada, CA |
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Abstract: | Summary. Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis of the Porapak Q-captured volatiles from the
bark of trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx., revealed four compounds that consistently elicited antennal responses by mountain pine beetles (MPBs), Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins. One of these, 1-hexanol, disrupted the capture of MPBs in multiple-funnel traps baited with the aggregation pheromones
trans-verbenol and exo-brevicomin and the host kairomone myrcene, a blend of semiochemicals that mediates the secondary attraction response in which
beetles mass attack and kill living pines. The other three EAD-active aspen bark volatiles, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde and
nonanal, were inactive alone, but in binary and ternary combinations contributed to a disruptive effect in an additive and
redundant manner when all four aspen bark volatiles were tested in all possible binary and ternary blends. The best ternary
blend and the quarternary blend achieved ≥ 80% disruption. The quarternary blend enhanced the disruptive effect of the antiaggregation
pheromone verbenone in traps, raising the disruptive effect to 98%, and also enhanced the inhibition of attack on attractant-baited
lodgepole pines. This is the first demonstration of specific compounds from the bark of angiosperm trees that disrupt the
secondary attraction response of sympatric coniferophagous bark beetles. The results support the hypothesis that such bark
beetles are adapted to recognize and avoid non-host angiosperm trees by responding to a broad spectrum of volatiles that can
act in various blends with equal effect.
Received 27 October 1997; accepted 20 February 1998. |
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Keywords: | , semiochemicals - pheromones - disruption - Coleoptera - Scolytidae - Dendroctonus ponderosae - Salicaceae - Populus,,,,,tremuloides |
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