Common access tradition and wilderness management in Norway: A paradox for managers |
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Authors: | William E. Hammitt Bjørn P. Kaltenborn Odd Inge Vistad Lars Emmelin Jon Teigland |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, 29634-1005 Clemson, South Carolina, USA;(2) Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Lillehammer, Norway;(3) Nordic Institute for Urban and Regional Planning, Stockholm, Sweden;(4) Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Lillehammer, Norway |
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Abstract: | Many European countries, including Norway, have a right of common access tradition toward wildland areas for recreational activity. The “right of any one to move freely over all wildlands except farm fields and gardens” can serve as a paradoxical barrier to managing wildland areas and users for outdoor recreation. This article discusses the apparent paradox between free access and management of wildland recreation, the underlying principles of both concepts, and proposes an integrative basis for how the two concepts can serve the same major goal—freedom of access and use of wildland recreation areas without disturbance to other users or the resource base. A Norwegian field study is presented with campfire data and management strategies to illustrate the integrative nature of common access and wilderness management principles for the managing of wildland recreation opportunities. |
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Keywords: | Common access Freedom of choice Wildemess Wilderness management Outdoor recreation Norway |
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