基于认知心理学的驾驶员交通标志视认性理论分析

从认知心理的角度研究了驾驶员对交通标志的视认性,建立了基于认知心理学的驾驶员信息处理过程的概念模型,总结了影响交通标志视认性的两类因素———驾驶员因素和交通标志物理因素。提出了用知觉理论解释不同驾驶经历的驾驶员对标志识别存在的差异现象;用特征说理论解释了标志的独特性有利于驾驶员的识别;标志的信息量不宜超出驾驶员有限的注意力资源以及驾驶员的短时记忆容量限定了交通标志应该具有易读性。为改进交通标志的设计设置,探讨交通标志视认性的指标测度手段,进而为建立起客观实用的认知心理学实验方法及综合评价指标体系提供了理论基础。

Study on Driver Traffic Signs Comprehension Based on Cognitive Psychology

This paper focused on the comprehension of traffic signs of drivers based on cognitive psychology. A new drivers' information processing model was p roposed, and two factors influencing the recognition of traffic signs were summa rized as follows: driver factor and traffic signs' physical performance. It is s uggested that the perceptual theory could explain the difference among drivers w ith different driving experiences; feature theory could explain why the particul ar signs could be better recognized by drivers. The information contents of sign s shouldn't exceed the attention resource and the short memory capacity of drive rs restricting the legibility of signs. These fundamental works provide some kno wledge to further process in the improvement of signs and the evaluation of driv ers' recognition; and are also helpful in establishment of effective physical ex periment and comprehensive index system.