扎龙湿地南山湖沉积岩芯重金属污染特征及来源判别

选取扎龙湿地南部围湖造田、湖水养殖典型湖泊——南山湖为研究区,分析NSH2沉积岩芯中Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr、As、Mn、Ag、Cu、Co、Fe和Zn这11种重金属元素总量的垂向分布特征,结合颗粒组成指标,采用主成分分析的方法,并辅以210Pbex测年数据,研究了自1829年以来该湖区沉积物重金属元素污染特征、来源及污染历史.结果表明：①近两百年以来沉积物沉积速率经历了由慢到快再到慢的过程,沉积历史与南山湖流域人类的生产活动和水土保持政策相吻合;②1957年以前各元素含量变化趋势平稳,1957～1985年间存在小幅波动,1985年以后变化明显,其中Hg、Cd和Ag含量明显偏高;③NSH2沉积岩芯重金属污染来源以生活污水、化肥农药的流失以及煤与汽油等燃料的燃烧为主,其次是有机质降解、岩石风化和侵蚀,还存在工业排污源,贡献率分别为50.14%、19.90%和10.32%.南山湖重金属污染具有一定的潜在风险,在当地湖泊湿地污染治理中应予以足够的重视,此研究可为扎龙湿地湖区生态环境的整治与改善提供基础性的数据资料.

Character and Sources Identification of Heavy Metals Contamination in Sediment from the Core Sediment in Nanshan Lake, the Zhalong Wetland

NSH2 sediment core from Nanshan Lake in the south of Zhalong wetland was studied, which was a typical lake for both empolder and aquaculture. The vertical distributions of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Mn, Ag, Cu, Co, Fe and Zn) were investigated. The method of principal component analysis (PCA) was adopted to apportion the sources of heavy metals, and particle size, combined with ²¹⁰ Pb_ex dating data were used to indicate characteristics, sources and polluted history of heavy metals in lake sediments since 1829.The results showed that: 1 the trend of changes in accumulation in the sedimentation was rather slow in the earlier stage, then was fast in the middle stage, and finally slowed down again in the later stage. The history of elements pollution is correspondent with the production of human activities and policies of soil and water conservation of Nanshan Lake; 2 the contents of all elements varied smoothly before 1957, and which fluctuated slightly from 1957 to 1985.The contents of Hg, Cd and Ag increased obviously since 1985.The sources of heavy metals determined were mainly from sewage, the loss of fertilizers, and combustion of fuel such as coal and gasoline; 3 natural sources of the degradation of organic matter, rock weathering and erosion, as well as the source of industrial emissions, with the contributions of 50.14%, 19.90% and 10.32%, respectively. High potential risk of heavy metals existed in NSH2 sediment core. Hence, enough attention must be paid to the pollution control of lakes. Therefore, this study can provide basic data for help wetland ecological environment improvement in Zhalong wetland.