冰雪道路环境对驾驶人视觉感知特性的影响

为预防冰雪道路环境中驾驶人因视觉感知错误引发交通事故,研究了冰雪道路环境对驾驶人视觉感知特性的影响,选择8名熟练驾驶人作为试验样本,且每2人一组,采用跟车调查的方法采集驾驶人对于自身感知车速和前导车车距的视觉感知信息,并利用非接触车速仪检测2辆跟驰行驶试验车的实际车速与车距,对冰雪条件与非冰雪条件下驾驶人的视觉感知信息进行分析对比。研究结果表明,在冰雪环境中驾驶人视觉感知车速比非冰雪环境中低5%～14%;但当2辆跟驰车辆前后车间距在50 m内时,驾驶人在冰雪环境与在非冰雪环境中行驶时,其视觉感知的车距无显著性差异。

Influence of Snowy and Icy Road Conditions on Driver Visual Perception Characteristics

In order to prevent traffic accidents on the snow and ice road caused by the driver’s visual perception mistakes,the influence of the snowy and icy road conditions on the driver visual perception characteristics was studied.8 skilled drivers were selected as experimental samples and drivers worked as pairs.Using the method of investigation with car to obtain the driver’s visual perception about the speed of his car and the distance with the other one,at the same time non-contact speedometers were used to measure the actual speed and the distance of the 2 car-following vehicles.The data of the driver’s visual perception on snowy and icy road conditions were analyzed and compared with that abtained under general road conditions.The results show that the driver’s visual perception speed on the snow and ice road is 5%-14% lower than that on non-snow and non-ice road.When the distance between the two vehicles running on a road is within 50 meters,the driver’s perception of the distance is basically the same,whether or not the road is a snowy and icy road.